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Golobe v. Altchek

Citation: 2023 NY Slip Op 00031Docket: Index No. 655854/20 Appeal No. 17020 Case No. 2022-01026

Court: Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York; January 4, 2023; New York; State Appellate Court

Original Court Document: View Document

Narrative Opinion Summary

In a property dispute, John Golobe successfully appealed a lower court's decision to affirm his ownership of a property, dismissing the counterclaims made by Ira Altchek. The Appellate Division held that Golobe's continuous and exclusive possession of the property since 1992 satisfied the requirements for adverse possession under New York law. Golobe's actions—such as making improvements, securing a construction loan, and leasing the property solely in his name—demonstrated overt acts of ownership without acknowledging any competing interest. The court dismissed Altchek's argument that Golobe's settlement offer indicated non-hostile possession, stressing that Golobe was unaware of Altchek’s interest until 2018. The court also dismissed Altchek's counterclaims, including fraud and breach of fiduciary duty, due to insufficient evidence and failure to demonstrate essential elements such as reliance and intent to deceive. The decision, finalized by the Supreme Court, Appellate Division, First Department, underscores the importance of clear evidence and legal precedent in upholding adverse possession claims and dismissing unsubstantiated counterclaims.

Legal Issues Addressed

Adverse Possession under New York Law

Application: The court ruled that continuous, exclusive possession since 1992 established adverse possession, as Golobe demonstrated open and notorious ownership without acknowledging any competing interest.

Reasoning: The Appellate Division found that Golobe established clear and convincing evidence of continuous, exclusive possession of the property since 1992, which fulfills the requirements for adverse possession under New York law.

Breach of Fiduciary Duty

Application: The breach of fiduciary duty counterclaim was dismissed due to lack of evidence indicating wrongdoing by the plaintiff.

Reasoning: The breach of fiduciary duty counterclaim is also insufficient, as the defendant did not present evidence of wrongdoing to substantiate the claim.

Fraud Claim in Civil Litigation

Application: The defendant failed to establish the reliance element necessary for a fraud claim, as the alleged misrepresentations were not known to be false by the plaintiff.

Reasoning: For the fraud counterclaim, the defendant did not demonstrate plaintiff's knowledge of any misstatement or establish reliance on such misstatements in Surrogate's Court.

Procedural Dismissal of Counterclaims

Application: The dismissal of counterclaims was upheld as they lacked sufficient legal basis and evidence, even if asserted in a timely manner.

Reasoning: Defendant's argument against the dismissal of counterclaims is rejected, even if they were asserted timely.

Requirement of Hostility in Adverse Possession Claims

Application: Golobe's actions were deemed hostile despite a settlement offer since he was unaware of Altchek’s interest until 2018.

Reasoning: The court rejected Altchek's argument that Golobe's 2019 settlement offer indicated non-hostile possession, emphasizing that Golobe was unaware of Altchek’s interest until 2018.