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Hanser v. McDonough

Citation: Not availableDocket: 21-1974

Court: Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; December 20, 2022; Federal Appellate Court

Original Court Document: View Document

Narrative Opinion Summary

The case involves an appeal by a claimant to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit regarding a reduction in his disability rating by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The primary legal issue centers on the interpretation of 38 C.F.R. § 3.344, which outlines when procedural protections apply to longstanding disability ratings. The claimant's ratings, initially assigned in 2012, were reduced after examinations indicated improvement, and the appeal concerns whether these ratings qualify for protections under § 3.344(a) and (b). The court affirmed that such protections apply only to ratings unchanged for five years or more, which the claimant's ratings did not meet. The Federal Circuit's decision emphasized its jurisdictional constraints to address only legal questions, not factual matters unless constitutional issues are present. The court upheld the Veterans Court's decision, confirming the rating reductions and denying the claimant's assertion that the regulation's interpretation should favor veterans more broadly. The dissent argued that the five-year requirement was illustrative, not definitional, but the majority ruled otherwise, maintaining the regulation's clarity. The outcome was unfavorable to the claimant, with no costs awarded.

Legal Issues Addressed

Interpretation of 38 C.F.R. § 3.344

Application: The court interpreted § 3.344(c) to apply procedural protections only to disability ratings unchanged for five years or more, aligning with the Secretary's definition.

Reasoning: The resolution of the appeal hinges on the interpretation of the phrase '5 years or more' in 3.344(c). Both parties agree on the unambiguity of this regulation but dispute its meaning.

Jurisdiction of the Federal Circuit

Application: The Federal Circuit emphasized its limited jurisdiction, focusing solely on legal questions and regulatory interpretations rather than factual determinations unless constitutional issues are involved.

Reasoning: The court emphasized its limited jurisdiction to review the case, focusing solely on legal questions and interpretations of regulations, without the ability to challenge factual determinations unless they involve constitutional issues.

Procedural Protections in Disability Rating Reductions

Application: The court determined that the procedural protections of § 3.344(a) and (b) do not apply to Hanser's rating reduction since his disability rating had not been stable for five years.

Reasoning: Ultimately, it is confirmed that Hanser’s disability ratings did not remain unchanged for the required five years; therefore, he is not entitled to the protections of 3.344(a) and (b).