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Nixon v. Greenup County School District

Citations: 890 F. Supp. 2d 753; 2012 WL 4017746; 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 129652Docket: Civil Action No. 10-67-HRW

Court: District Court, E.D. Kentucky; September 12, 2012; Federal District Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves a lawsuit filed by the parents of a student with Type I diabetes against the Greenup County School District and individual defendants, alleging violations of the student's 504 Plan under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The plaintiffs claim that the school failed to comply with the accommodations necessary for their daughter's medical needs, leading to discrimination based on disability. They further allege that their employment termination was retaliatory for advocating for their daughter's rights. The court addressed various claims, including violations under Section 504, the First Amendment, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Summary judgment was denied on the claim of 504 Plan violations due to disputed factual issues, while claims related to equal protection, due process, and First Amendment were dismissed. Additionally, the court ruled that Wendy Nixon's claims were barred by the statute of limitations. The individual defendants were granted immunity, while the municipal defendant was found not liable due to a lack of evidence of negligence. The court's decision on summary judgment was interlocutory and non-appealable, allowing the case to proceed on the 504 Plan compliance claims.

Legal Issues Addressed

504 Plan Compliance under Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Application: The court examines whether the defendants failed to adhere to the 504 Plan, thereby discriminating against the student based on disability.

Reasoning: Plaintiffs allege that Defendants failed to comply with the accommodations outlined in Audrie Nixon's 504 Plan, constituting discrimination.

Due Process and Equal Protection under the Fourteenth Amendment

Application: The plaintiffs failed to demonstrate that Audrie's educational rights were denied without due process, and their employment status did not afford them a protected property interest.

Reasoning: Plaintiffs fail to demonstrate that Defendants deprived Audrie of a public education without due process.

Employment Retaliation and First Amendment

Application: The court finds that the plaintiffs' employment termination did not constitute retaliation for protected speech as it did not involve matters of public concern.

Reasoning: Their dissatisfaction with the 504 Plan and concerns for Audrie, while significant, do not constitute protected speech under the First Amendment.

Immunity of Government Officials

Application: Individual defendants are entitled to immunity as their actions did not violate established statutory or constitutional rights.

Reasoning: Defendants Hughes and Kouns are entitled to immunity in their individual capacities because government officials performing discretionary functions are generally protected from civil liability.

Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress (IIED)

Application: The claim requires showing extreme and outrageous conduct, which is a high threshold not met by the facts of this case.

Reasoning: Nixon's IIED claim does not satisfy the legal standard for outrageous conduct as established in Kentucky law.

Municipal Liability under Kentucky Law

Application: The school district lacks immunity for tortious acts in a proprietary capacity but is not liable here due to lack of negligent acts.

Reasoning: The record reveals no negligent acts by the District, as negligence is a factual question.

Retaliation under Section 504

Application: The plaintiff must show engagement in protected activity, suffering an adverse action, and a causal link between the two. Here, conflicting narratives regarding the motivations for employment actions prevent summary judgment.

Reasoning: For the retaliation claim under Section 504, Nixon must demonstrate: (1) engagement in protected activity, (2) suffering an adverse action, and (3) that the adverse action was due to the protected activity.

Statute of Limitations for Civil Rights Claims

Application: Wendy Nixon's claims are barred due to the one-year statute of limitations for civil rights violations under federal and Kentucky law.

Reasoning: Wendy was notified of her non-renewal on May 5, 2009, but filed the lawsuit over a year later on July 7, 2010.

Summary Judgment Standard

Application: Summary judgment is denied when there are genuine issues of material fact, particularly regarding compliance with the 504 Plan.

Reasoning: In analyzing the case, factual issues prevent summary judgment regarding the plaintiffs' claims of violations of the 504 Plan.