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Mooi Kue Go v. Attorney General of the United States

Citation: 227 F. App'x 178Docket: No. 05-3236

Court: Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit; April 17, 2007; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves an Indonesian national of Chinese ethnicity and Catholic faith seeking judicial review of a Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) order affirming the denial of her asylum application, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (CAT). The Immigration Judge (IJ) denied her claims based on the untimeliness of her asylum application and insufficient evidence of past persecution or likelihood of future torture. The applicant entered the U.S. on a visitor's visa and claimed harassment in Indonesia based on ethnicity and religion. However, the court found that the incidents described were isolated and did not meet the legal standard for persecution. Additionally, the evidence did not support a likelihood of persecution or torture upon return. The appellate court reviewed these findings under the substantial evidence standard and upheld the IJ's decision, noting the absence of systemic violence in the applicant's intended return region. The applicant's attempt to introduce new evidence was rejected, consistent with procedural rules limiting review to the original administrative record. Consequently, the claims for asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT relief were denied.

Legal Issues Addressed

Asylum Application Timeliness

Application: The court upheld the denial of asylum because the application was not filed within the statutory one-year deadline after the applicant's entry into the United States.

Reasoning: The IJ found her asylum application untimely, as it was filed over a year after her U.S. entry.

Convention Against Torture (CAT) Claims

Application: The claim under CAT was denied because the applicant did not provide evidence of a likelihood of torture upon return to her home country.

Reasoning: Regarding her claim for withholding of removal under the Convention Against Torture (CAT), Go must show a likelihood of torture upon return. The record does not indicate any past torture or likelihood of future torture, affirming the IJ's decision.

Introduction of New Evidence in Immigration Appeals

Application: New evidence not part of the original administrative record cannot be considered in appellate review.

Reasoning: Go attempted to introduce new evidence from the 2003 Country Report and Religious Freedom Report, but as those documents are not part of the administrative record, they cannot be considered in this review, in line with Berishaj v. Ashcroft.

Persecution Standard under Immigration Law

Application: The applicant's experiences did not meet the legal threshold for persecution, as the incidents she described were isolated and not sufficiently severe.

Reasoning: Her testimony included three incidents of harassment by a Muslim man, with only one instance referencing her religion. These isolated acts do not constitute persecution.

Substantial Evidence Standard in Immigration Appeals

Application: The appellate court reviewed the IJ’s decision under the substantial evidence standard, which upheld the IJ’s conclusions due to insufficient evidence to the contrary.

Reasoning: The appellate court retains jurisdiction to review the IJ's findings under the substantial evidence standard, which mandates upholding the IJ's conclusions unless the evidence overwhelmingly supports a contrary outcome.

Withholding of Removal under Immigration Law

Application: The court affirmed the denial of withholding of removal as the applicant did not demonstrate a likelihood of persecution or a threat to her life or freedom upon return to Indonesia.

Reasoning: Go contended that the IJ's denial of withholding of removal lacked substantial evidence; however, to qualify for withholding, she needed to prove a likelihood of persecution or a threat to her life or freedom based on race, religion, or other protected statuses if returned to Indonesia.