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Matthew Hale v. United States

Citations: 710 F.3d 711; 2013 U.S. App. LEXIS 4650; 2013 WL 819379Docket: 11-3868

Court: Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit; March 5, 2013; Federal Appellate Court

Original Court Document: View Document

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves the criminal convictions of Matthew Hale, leader of the Creativity Movement, for soliciting a violent crime and obstructing justice, affirmed by the Seventh Circuit. The Creativity Movement promotes white supremacist ideology. Hale sought to overturn his convictions under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, alleging constitutional errors, but the district court denied his petition, finding no such errors. Hale argued that his exclusion from jury selection discussions violated constitutional rights. However, the court found that he defaulted by not objecting during the process and failing to appeal the issue directly. Hale also claimed ineffective assistance of counsel, criticizing his lawyer's strategic decisions, including the use of peremptory challenges and defense presentation. The court rejected these claims, noting that strategic choices are protected under Strickland v. Washington. Racially motivated juror challenges were particularly dismissed as they violate the Sixth Amendment. Hale's entrapment defense was rejected by the jury, and alternative strategies suggested by his current counsel were found to be less effective. The district court's judgment was affirmed, maintaining Hale's convictions.

Legal Issues Addressed

Constitutional Validity of Jury Selection Process

Application: The court found no constitutional error in the jury selection process despite Hale's absence from discussions about pretrial publicity, which was a strategic decision made by his attorney.

Reasoning: The judge and Hale's attorney believed that questioning jurors outside Hale's presence would yield more honest responses, so they conducted these inquiries in a private setting.

Entrapment Defense and Jury Rejection

Application: The jury rejected Hale's entrapment defense regarding the murder contract, and alternative defense strategies were deemed less viable.

Reasoning: The jury rejected these defenses. Hale's current attorney argues that the defense should have conceded that Hale did suggest a killing but claimed the intended target was not Judge Lefkow.

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

Application: Hale's claim of ineffective assistance of counsel was rejected as the trial counsel's strategic decisions, including juror selection and defense presentation, were reasonable and protected under Strickland v. Washington.

Reasoning: The strategic choices made by trial counsel, particularly in presenting the defense, are protected under Strickland v. Washington, which deems such choices virtually unchallengeable when made after deliberation.

Misuse of Peremptory Challenges

Application: Hale's argument that his counsel should have struck black jurors was dismissed as racially motivated challenges violate the Sixth Amendment and are considered ineffective assistance.

Reasoning: Racially motivated challenges, even if believed to benefit the defense, constitute ineffective assistance.

Procedural Default and Lack of Objection

Application: Hale defaulted on his argument by not objecting during the jury selection process and failing to raise the issue on direct appeal.

Reasoning: The court notes that Hale has defaulted on this argument, as he failed to protest during the jury selection process despite being aware of it.

Solicitation of Violent Crime and Obstruction of Justice

Application: Matthew Hale was convicted for soliciting a violent crime and obstructing justice after issuing a contract on the life of a district judge.

Reasoning: Matthew Hale, the leader of the Creativity Movement, was convicted of soliciting a violent crime and obstructing justice after he issued a contract on the life of District Judge Lefkow.