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In re Romero

Citations: 527 B.R. 638; 2015 Bankr. LEXIS 1052; 2015 WL 1316141Docket: No. 14-53115-ASW

Court: United States Bankruptcy Court, N.D. California; March 12, 2015; Us Bankruptcy; United States Bankruptcy Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

The case involves a reaffirmation agreement between an unrepresented debtor and a creditor, requiring court approval under 11 U.S.C. 524 to ensure it does not impose undue hardship and is in the debtor's best interest. The creditor's participation was crucial to assess payment history and the viability of continued payment without the agreement, but the creditor failed to appear at the scheduled hearing. Consequently, the court sanctioned the creditor for willful non-compliance, leveraging its authority under 11 U.S.C. 105(a) to impose civil sanctions aimed at enforcing adherence to court orders. The court mandated the creditor to compensate the debtor for lost wages and additional penalties, emphasizing the necessity of creditor participation in the reassessment hearing. The court rescheduled the hearing and required the creditor or their counsel to attend, highlighting the importance of creditor presence in reaffirmation hearings and the flexibility allowed under Local Rule 9010-1 for such appearances. This case underscores the procedural requirements and court's authority to enforce compliance in bankruptcy proceedings, particularly in reaffirmation agreements involving unrepresented debtors.

Legal Issues Addressed

Court's Authority to Compel Compliance through Civil Sanctions

Application: The court used civil sanctions to ensure the creditor's future compliance with its orders.

Reasoning: Civil sanctions are intended to compel compliance and should be the least coercive necessary to ensure adherence to court directives.

Creditor Participation in Reaffirmation Hearings

Application: The creditor's presence is necessary to evaluate payment status and the feasibility of the reaffirmation agreement.

Reasoning: The creditor's participation in the reaffirmation hearing is essential, as they hold the most relevant information regarding the feasibility of a 'ride-through' arrangement and the debtor's payment status.

Reaffirmation Agreement Requirements under 11 U.S.C. 524

Application: The court evaluates whether the reaffirmation agreement is enforceable by assessing undue hardship and the debtor's best interest.

Reasoning: As the Debtor was unrepresented by counsel during negotiations, a hearing is mandated under 11 U.S.C. 524(d) to assess the Agreement's compliance with 11 U.S.C. 524(c)(6).

Representation Requirements for Corporations in Legal Proceedings

Application: The court allows either the creditor or their counsel to appear at reaffirmation hearings, waiving the usual requirement for attorney representation.

Reasoning: Under Local Rule 9010-1, only attorneys admitted in the District may represent corporations or partnerships in adversary proceedings, but this requirement is waived for reaffirmation hearings.

Sanctions for Non-Compliance under 11 U.S.C. 105(a)

Application: The court imposed sanctions on the creditor for failing to appear at the scheduled hearing, citing willful and bad faith non-compliance.

Reasoning: The Court found that the Creditor's failure to appear was willful and in bad faith, justifying the sanctions awarded to the Debtor.