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United States v. Jackson

Citation: 360 F. App'x 368Docket: No. 09-1290

Court: Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit; January 11, 2010; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

The case involves an appeal by a defendant, initially convicted of conspiracy to distribute heroin under federal law, challenging a sentence enhancement based on a prior conviction. The United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania enhanced the defendant's sentence from ten to twenty years, invoking 21 U.S.C. 851(a) due to his previous felony conviction for heroin possession. During the plea hearing, the defendant acknowledged understanding the sentence enhancement implications but later appealed, arguing the court failed to inquire about his prior conviction, contravening 21 U.S.C. § 851(b). The appeal was dismissed under the doctrines of invited error or waiver, as the defendant had not contested the prior conviction during sentencing and requested the mandatory minimum sentence. Additionally, the court rejected the defendant's claim of a speedy trial violation concerning the prior conviction, noting his actions contributed to delays. The appellate court affirmed the District Court's decision, finding no plain error affecting substantial rights. The court's jurisdiction was affirmed under 18 U.S.C. 3231 and 28 U.S.C. 1291, with both parties' motions to supplement the record granted.

Legal Issues Addressed

Invited Error or Waiver Doctrine

Application: Jackson's appeal was rejected under the invited error or waiver doctrines because he did not contest the prior conviction during sentencing.

Reasoning: On appeal, Jackson claimed the District Court erred by not directly asking whether he admitted or denied the prior conviction... However, the judgment was affirmed based on the doctrines of invited error or waiver.

Mandatory Minimum Sentencing

Application: The District Court confirmed a mandatory minimum sentence of 20 years, contingent on the acceptance of the prior conviction as valid.

Reasoning: The Pre-Sentence Report (PSR) confirmed the prior conviction and the associated 20-year mandatory term.

Plain Error Review Standard

Application: The court found that any potential errors did not affect Jackson's substantial rights, thus not warranting reversal under plain error review.

Reasoning: Even if the plain error standard applies and the District Court potentially committed an error, the judgment can still be upheld if the error did not impact the defendant's substantial rights.

Right to Speedy Trial

Application: Jackson's claim of a violation of his speedy trial rights was rejected due to his own contributions to the delay and lack of substantial evidence.

Reasoning: Jackson failed to establish a viable claim that his constitutional right to a speedy trial was violated regarding his prior Pennsylvania conviction.

Sentence Enhancement under 21 U.S.C. 851(a)

Application: The court applied a sentence enhancement based on a prior felony conviction, increasing the mandatory minimum from ten to twenty years.

Reasoning: The government filed an information under 21 U.S.C. 851(a) to enhance Jackson's sentence based on a prior felony conviction for possession with intent to deliver heroin from April 10, 2006.