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Polanco v. United States Immigration & Naturalization Service

Citation: 148 F. App'x 60Docket: Docket No. 02-2572

Court: Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit; September 12, 2005; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves the affirmation of a district court's decision denying a petition for a writ of habeas corpus filed by Gonzalez Polanco, who challenged a Bureau of Immigration Appeals (BIA) order of removal. The petitioner argued for eligibility under section 212(h) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), citing a 1991 conviction for attempted possession of cocaine. The BIA determined that this conviction rendered him ineligible for a waiver of deportation due to the specific exclusion of narcotics offenses from waiver eligibility, which historically has only allowed exceptions for simple possession of small amounts of marijuana. Gonzalez Polanco's arguments referencing the Beharry v. Reno decision, which criticized the retroactive application of immigration restrictions, were countered by the Guaylupo-Moya v. Gonzales ruling. Additionally, the petitioner failed to exhaust administrative remedies by not requesting suspension of deportation during removal proceedings, thus precluding subject matter jurisdiction. The court also highlighted his ineligibility for suspension of deportation under former section 244(a) of the INA due to his lack of good moral character, as defined by section 101(f)(3) of the INA. Consequently, the denial of the habeas corpus petition is upheld, with all other arguments on appeal found to lack merit.

Legal Issues Addressed

Denial of Habeas Corpus Relief

Application: The district court's denial of Gonzalez Polanco's petition for a writ of habeas corpus is upheld due to his failure to qualify for relief under section 212(h) of the INA.

Reasoning: The judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York denying Fausto Gonzalez Polanco's petition for a writ of habeas corpus is affirmed.

Eligibility for Suspension of Deportation

Application: Gonzalez Polanco is ineligible for suspension of deportation due to his controlled substance offense, impacting his moral character assessment under section 101(f)(3) of the INA.

Reasoning: However, due to a controlled substance offense, Gonzalez Polanco is deemed to lack good moral character under section 101(f)(3) of the INA.

Exclusion from Waiver Eligibility for Narcotics Offenses

Application: Narcotics offenses have historically been excluded from section 212(h) relief, and Gonzalez Polanco's conviction does not qualify for the limited exception pertaining to marijuana possession.

Reasoning: Section 212(h) waivers have always been limited to certain classes of criminal conduct, and narcotics offenses have been distinctly excluded from such relief.

Ineligibility for Section 212(h) Waiver

Application: Gonzalez Polanco's 1991 conviction for attempted possession of cocaine with intent to sell disqualifies him from a waiver of deportation under section 212(h) of the INA.

Reasoning: The BIA ruled that this conviction disqualified him from obtaining a waiver of deportation for extreme family hardship under section 212(h) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

Retroactivity of Immigration Restrictions

Application: The court rejected the argument that retroactive application of IIRIRA’s restrictions violates U.S. treaty obligations, aligning with the decision in Guaylupo-Moya v. Gonzales.

Reasoning: However, the concurrent ruling in Guaylupo-Moya v. Gonzales rejected Beharry's interpretation.

Statutory Exhaustion Requirement

Application: Gonzalez Polanco's failure to exhaust administrative remedies precludes subject matter jurisdiction, as he did not request suspension of deportation from the IJ or the BIA.

Reasoning: Gonzalez Polanco did not request suspension of deportation from the Immigration Judge (IJ) or the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), resulting in a failure to exhaust required administrative remedies, which precludes subject matter jurisdiction for his petition.