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Gordon v. J. Kim Institute of Taekwon Do, Inc.

Citation: 105 F. App'x 476Docket: No. 03-2411

Court: Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; July 23, 2004; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

The case involves Carolyn Gordon, representing a class of Taekwon Do lesson purchasers, who secured a default judgment against J. Kim Institute of Taekwon Do, Inc. (JKI) for breach of contract and intentional torts. Seeking to collect the $8 million judgment, Gordon filed a lawsuit against JKI's insurers, Hartford Fire Insurance Company and Hartford Casualty Insurance Company, claiming coverage under JKI's insurance policies. The case was removed to federal court, where the district court ruled that the insurance policies did not cover the intentional acts leading to the judgment. The court dismissed the Campbell defendants, finding them fraudulently joined to undermine diversity jurisdiction. Hartford's removal was deemed timely, as the notice was filed within thirty days of receiving the complaint. The court affirmed that the Commercial General Liability (CGL) policy excluded coverage for intentional acts and that no coverage existed under the surety bond for the claims in question. The court dismissed Gordon's claims, including those for bad faith and breach of contract, finding them unsupported by the policies' terms and Maryland law. The decision emphasized the absence of negligence in the claims and affirmed no obligation for Hartford to pay under the policies, thereby affirming the district court's judgment.

Legal Issues Addressed

Declaratory Judgment and Third-Party Beneficiary Claims

Application: The court dismissed claims for declaratory judgment and third-party beneficiary status, finding no policy coverage for the asserted claims.

Reasoning: Gordon further claims the district court erred in dismissing her complaint against Hartford, which sought a declaratory judgment on the class's status as third-party beneficiaries of the insurance agreements.

Diversity Jurisdiction Requirements

Application: The court addressed the necessity of complete diversity for federal jurisdiction, dismissing improperly joined parties that could defeat this requirement.

Reasoning: For diversity jurisdiction to exist, all defendants must be from different states than all plaintiffs, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a).

Fraudulent Joinder Doctrine

Application: The district court dismissed non-diverse defendants, maintaining federal jurisdiction by ruling that the plaintiff could not establish a claim against them.

Reasoning: The district court denied remand and stay motions, dismissed the Campbell defendants under the fraudulent joinder doctrine, and ruled that Hartford had no coverage obligation for the Campbell judgment.

Insurance Coverage for Intentional Acts

Application: The court concluded that the CGL policy did not cover claims arising from intentional acts, which were the basis of the plaintiff's claims.

Reasoning: Maryland law also prohibits insurance coverage for intentional acts.

Scope of Insurance Coverage

Application: The court ruled that the insurance policies did not cover intentional conduct, which was the basis for the default judgment in state court.

Reasoning: The district court ruled that the insurance policies did not cover the intentional conduct leading to the state court's default judgment.

Timeliness of Removal Notice

Application: The court found that the removal notice was timely as it was filed within thirty days of the defendant's actual receipt of the complaint.

Reasoning: Hartford's registered agent, CT Corporation System, received the complaint from MIA on February 7, 2003. Thus, Hartford's removal notice was timely under the statute.