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Rayner v. ETrade Fin. Corp.

Citation: 899 F.3d 117Docket: No. 17-1487; August Term 2017

Court: Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit; July 31, 2018; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves a class action complaint filed by the plaintiff against E*TRADE Financial Corporation and E*TRADE Securities LLC, alleging breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, and seeking declaratory relief. The plaintiff contended that E*TRADE violated its duty of best execution by favoring trading venues offering higher kickbacks, which purportedly harmed clients by reducing the likelihood of order execution at favorable prices. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York dismissed the claims, invoking the Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act of 1998 (SLUSA), which precludes certain state law claims of fraud related to securities transactions. The court applied a de novo review standard, emphasizing that the essence of plaintiff's claims involved material misrepresentations and omissions, thus aligning with SLUSA's fraud criteria. It was determined that the alleged fraudulent conduct by E*TRADE was 'in connection with' securities transactions, significantly influencing clients' trading decisions. Ultimately, the court affirmed the dismissal, concluding that the claims were precluded by SLUSA and that any recharacterization of the claims to avoid this preclusion was not permissible. The decision underscores the broad scope of SLUSA in precluding state law claims involving securities fraud.

Legal Issues Addressed

Best Execution Duty and Fraud

Application: Plaintiff's claims that E*TRADE failed to provide 'best execution' and prioritized venues offering higher kickbacks constituted allegations of fraud under SLUSA.

Reasoning: Rayner claimed that E*TRADE favored trading venues that offered higher kickbacks, creating a conflict of interest and harming clients by reducing the likelihood of order execution and leading to worse market prices.

Fraud 'In Connection With' Securities Transactions

Application: E*TRADE's alleged actions met SLUSA's requirement of fraud 'in connection with' securities transactions, impacting clients' trading decisions.

Reasoning: E*TRADE's alleged fraudulent conduct is deemed to have arisen 'in connection with' the purchase or sale of covered securities, satisfying SLUSA's fourth element.

Material Misrepresentation and Omission

Application: The court determined that E*TRADE's conduct involved material misrepresentations and omissions, aligning with fraudulent practices under SLUSA.

Reasoning: Rayner contends that this constitutes a misrepresentation of material facts and an omission of crucial information, misleading clients into utilizing E*TRADE's services.

Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act of 1998 (SLUSA) Preclusion

Application: The court applied SLUSA to dismiss the plaintiff's state law claims, as they were based on allegations of misrepresentation in connection with the purchase or sale of covered securities.

Reasoning: The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York dismissed Rayner's claims under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, concluding they were precluded by the Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act of 1998 (SLUSA).