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State v. Kakwitch

Citations: 928 N.W.2d 802; 2019 WI App 26; 387 Wis. 2d 685Docket: Appeal No. 2017AP2521-CR

Court: Court of Appeals of Wisconsin; April 30, 2019; Wisconsin; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves an appeal by a defendant convicted of operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated (OWI) as a fourth offense and obstructing an officer. The defendant challenged the conviction on the grounds of a due process violation, asserting that the State failed to preserve potentially exculpatory evidence—specifically, wet spots on the driver's seat and the defendant's pants. The trial court denied motions to dismiss the OWI charge or suppress evidence, as well as a request for a jury instruction on spoliation of evidence. The appellate court reviewed the case under constitutional standards, focusing on the principles established in California v. Trombetta and Arizona v. Youngblood regarding evidence preservation and due process rights. The court found that the wet spots were not evidently exculpatory and that the State acted without bad faith, thus rejecting the due process claim. Additionally, the court upheld the decision to deny a spoliation instruction, considering it consistent with previous rulings. The conviction for OWI was affirmed, and the procedural adherence to Wis. Stat. § 346.63(1)(c) resulted in no judgment on the PAC charge. The appellate court's analysis underscored the adequacy of preserved evidence and the lack of negligence in the State's handling of the case.

Legal Issues Addressed

Bad Faith in Evidence Destruction

Application: The court found that the arresting officer did not act in bad faith by failing to preserve wet spot evidence, as there was no intent to suppress evidence and the officer's actions were consistent with standard procedures.

Reasoning: The court found no evidence of bad faith and rejected Kakwitch's due process claim.

Due Process and Evidence Preservation

Application: The court evaluated whether the State's failure to preserve evidence constituted a due process violation, ultimately determining there was no bad faith or apparent exculpatory value in the wet spot evidence.

Reasoning: The court concludes that the wet spot evidence was not evidently exculpatory and thus rejects Kakwitch's due process claim.

One Conviction Rule under Wis. Stat. § 346.63(1)(c)

Application: The court did not enter a judgment on the PAC charge due to the statutory requirement that only one conviction can be imposed for OWI and PAC arising from the same incident.

Reasoning: The circuit court did not enter a judgment on the PAC charge, following Wis. Stat. § 346.63(1)(c), which states that if a person is guilty of both OWI and PAC from the same incident, there can only be one conviction for sentencing.

Spoliation of Evidence and Jury Instructions

Application: The court exercised its discretion to deny a jury instruction on spoliation of evidence, consistent with its pretrial rulings regarding the non-preservation of wet spot evidence.

Reasoning: The circuit court denied pretrial motions concerning the wet spot evidence...Kakwitch's request for a spoliation instruction was denied, but he was allowed to argue that the State should have presented more or better evidence.