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Racine Cnty. Human Servs. Dep't v. L. R. H.-J. (In re J.N.J.-W.)

Citations: 927 N.W.2d 935; 2019 WI App 21; 386 Wis. 2d 631Docket: Appeal No. 2018AP2065

Court: Court of Appeals of Wisconsin; March 5, 2019; Wisconsin; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves an appeal by a birth mother challenging the involuntary termination of her parental rights under Wisconsin Statute 48.415(9m), following her conviction of neglect causing death of her first child. The Racine County Human Services Department filed for termination of parental rights (TPR) citing her past felony conviction as grounds. The circuit court granted summary judgment in favor of termination, emphasizing the child’s best interests and the birth mother's lack of accountability. The mother contested the statute's constitutionality, claiming violations of due process and ineffective assistance of counsel. The court reviewed the statute de novo, upheld its constitutionality, and found no deficiency in counsel's performance. The statute was deemed to provide clear guidelines and necessary procedural protections. The termination was affirmed, aligning with the state's interest in protecting children, and the appeal was decided by a single judge under Wis. Stat. 752.31(2)(e). The court also noted that mitigating factors could be considered during the disposition phase, but the grounds phase focused on statutory criteria. The father's rights were also terminated due to non-participation. The court's decision emphasizes the statutory framework's adequacy in handling TPR cases, ensuring procedural fairness and protecting children's welfare.

Legal Issues Addressed

Constitutionality of WIS. STAT. 48.415(9m)

Application: The court affirmed the constitutionality of the statute, finding it clear and specifically targeting serious felonies related to child neglect or abuse.

Reasoning: The court found that WIS. STAT. 48.415(9m) is clear and precisely defines the felonies that constitute a 'serious felony' related to child neglect or abuse, specifically targeting serious crimes such as homicide, violence, or sexual assault against one’s own children.

Due Process in TPR Proceedings

Application: The court applied procedural and substantive due process principles, concluding that the statute provided fair notice and procedural safeguards against arbitrary application.

Reasoning: The court rejected the mother's argument that the statute lacks temporal limitations, noting that while the unfitness determination does not consider the time elapsed since the felony conviction, procedural protections during TPR proceedings mitigate arbitrary applications of the law.

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

Application: The court determined that the trial counsel’s performance was not deficient for not challenging the constitutionality of WIS. STAT. 48.415(9m) during the grounds phase.

Reasoning: The court finds that the statute aligns with the government's interest in child protection, and the birth mother failed to demonstrate its unconstitutionality beyond a reasonable doubt.

Termination of Parental Rights (TPR) Grounds Phase

Application: The court upheld the termination of parental rights based on the mother’s felony conviction and failure to assume parental responsibility, deeming it in the child’s best interest.

Reasoning: The court found no factual dispute regarding the grounds for termination and ruled that terminating her rights was in Baby J's best interest, emphasizing L.R.H.-J.'s lack of accountability for her previous child's death.