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Robin L. Peoples v. United States

Citations: 403 F.3d 844; 2005 U.S. App. LEXIS 5430; 2005 WL 767062Docket: 03-2774

Court: Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit; April 6, 2005; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this federal appellate case, the petitioner-appellant contested his convictions for bank robbery by arguing ineffective assistance of counsel. This claim had been previously adjudicated twice without success. On direct appeal, his appellate counsel criticized the trial attorney's performance, which was considered on its merits due to evidentiary hearings. Subsequent motions for a new trial were denied, and the appellate court affirmed these decisions, treating them as the petitioner's sole opportunity for collateral review under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. The district judge refused to reconsider the ineffective assistance claims, citing the law of the case doctrine, which prevents re-litigation of issues unless new evidence or a change in law emerges. The petitioner, on his third appeal, with new counsel, sought to challenge this doctrine, but the court maintained its stance, emphasizing judicial efficiency and consistency. Citing Massaro, the court differentiated between raising ineffective assistance claims during direct or collateral proceedings but barred re-litigation of the same claim. Despite representing himself in a previous appeal, the petitioner's arguments were rejected, upholding the trial court's earlier rulings. The appellate court's decision reinforced the doctrine's applicability in federal collateral reviews, affirming the lower court's decision.

Legal Issues Addressed

Collateral Review under 28 U.S.C. § 2255

Application: Peoples's motions were treated as his only opportunity for collateral review, and the district judge denied them on the merits, which was affirmed by the appellate court.

Reasoning: Peoples filed multiple motions for a new trial, which the district judge improperly treated, failing to inform him that they would consume his only opportunity for collateral review under 28 U.S.C. § 2255.

Effect of Massaro v. United States on Collateral Review

Application: Massaro allows defendants to raise ineffective assistance claims during collateral review if not presented on direct appeal, but does not permit reassertion of the same ground on both direct appeal and collateral review.

Reasoning: Massaro did not allow for the same ground to be asserted both on direct appeal and in collateral review.

Grounds for Federal Collateral Relief

Application: An ineffective assistance claim is treated as a single ground for relief and cannot be divided into separate claims based on different instances of alleged ineffective assistance.

Reasoning: Ineffective assistance is considered a single ground for relief, assessed in totality.

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

Application: The court declined to revisit the ineffective assistance of counsel claim, as it had already been addressed on the merits twice and no new evidence or changes in law were presented.

Reasoning: This claim has previously been addressed on the merits twice, and the court declines to revisit it.

Law of the Case Doctrine

Application: The doctrine was applied to bar Peoples from re-litigating the ineffective assistance of counsel claim as the issue had been resolved previously on the merits.

Reasoning: The judge ruled that the law of the case doctrine barred these new arguments, aiming to conserve judicial resources and ensure comprehensive dispute resolution.

Re-litigation of Issues in Federal Collateral Review

Application: The court emphasized that once an issue is resolved by a federal court, it cannot be re-litigated on collateral review unless there is new evidence or a change in law.

Reasoning: It is a longstanding federal practice that once an issue has been resolved by a federal court, it cannot be re-litigated on collateral review.