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United States v. James Rogers

Citation: Not availableDocket: 21-2638

Court: Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit; August 12, 2022; Federal Appellate Court

Original Court Document: View Document

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves the conviction of a felon, referred to as the defendant, for possessing firearms in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g). The defendant, who was prohibited from owning firearms, orchestrated the purchase of a Mossberg shotgun and a Sig Sauer rifle through an accomplice, leading to his conviction on two counts after a second trial. The trial addressed potential issues with the indictment, such as constructive amendment and duplicity, ultimately finding that the indictment correctly charged the defendant with possession of a single Mossberg shotgun and did not expand beyond the grand jury's original scope. The court required the government to specify the firearm involved, ensuring the jury's focus. The defendant appealed, arguing a constructive amendment occurred, but the appellate court affirmed the lower court's decision, citing no variance from the indictment. Additionally, the court upheld an increased base offense level at sentencing due to the rifle being acquired with a high-capacity magazine. The defendant's objections to the magazine's impact on sentencing were deemed waived, as he failed to contest the factual findings in the Presentence Report. Consequently, the appellate court affirmed the district court's judgment, including the conviction and sentencing decisions.

Legal Issues Addressed

Constructive Amendment of Indictment

Application: The court ruled that the indictment was not broadened during trial, as the evidence aligned with the original charges of possession of a Mossberg shotgun.

Reasoning: The court concluded that the indictment was not broadened, as it charged Mr. Rogers with possessing one Mossberg shotgun, and the trial focused on whether this allegation was proven.

Duplicity in Indictments

Application: The court addressed concerns of duplicity by requiring the government to specify which firearm Mr. Rogers was alleged to possess, ensuring the indictment covered only one continuous course of conduct.

Reasoning: To eliminate any unfairness due to potential duplicity in the indictment, the court required the Government to specify which firearm it would prove to the jury.

Felon in Possession of a Firearm under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)

Application: The defendant was convicted of being a felon in possession of firearms, specifically a Mossberg shotgun and a Sig Sauer rifle, after evidence showed he orchestrated their purchase through an accomplice.

Reasoning: James Rogers, a convicted felon, is prohibited by federal law from possessing firearms. In July 2019, he was found to have enlisted an accomplice, A.W., to purchase firearms on his behalf.

Sentencing and Base Offense Level Determination

Application: The court upheld an increased base offense level due to the presence of a high-capacity magazine, which the defendant contested unsuccessfully.

Reasoning: The district court found sufficient evidence supporting the government's theory of joint possession, as A.W. purchased both the rifle and the magazine.

Waiver of Pre-trial Objections

Application: The defendant waived his right to contest the duplicity of the indictment by failing to raise the issue before trial as required by procedural rules.

Reasoning: Mr. Rogers waived this duplicity argument by not raising it before trial, which is required by Rule 12(b)(3)(B)(i) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.