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Overton Distributors, Inc. v. Heritage Bank

Citations: 340 F.3d 361; 2003 WL 21946758Docket: 02-5261

Court: Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit; September 22, 2003; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves Overton Distributors, Inc. seeking to recover over $220,000 from Heritage Bank, following the bankruptcy of Quality Foods of Tennessee, Inc. The claim is based on unpaid debts for produce sold under the Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act (PACA), which establishes a statutory trust for unpaid sellers of perishable goods. Overton alleged that Heritage's agreement with Quality, allowing advances against accounts receivable, violated its PACA trust rights. Initially, the district court ruled in Overton's favor, affirming its preservation of trust benefits. However, the Sixth Circuit Court reversed this decision, finding that Overton's acceptance of extended payment terms exceeded PACA's statutory maximum, thus invalidating its trust benefits. The court emphasized that PACA requires strict adherence to documented and disclosed payment terms. Overton's allowance for late payments beyond the statutory period led to the loss of priority over Quality's accounts receivable. The appellate court remanded the case with instructions to dismiss Overton's complaint, underscoring the necessity of compliance with PACA's regulatory framework to maintain trust protections.

Legal Issues Addressed

Compliance with PACA's Written Disclosure Obligations

Application: The court determined that Overton's failure to disclose altered payment terms on invoices invalidated its PACA trust benefits, emphasizing adherence to written disclosure obligations.

Reasoning: PACA imposes strict written disclosure obligations for agreements modifying payment terms, and there is no disagreement about the 1994 agreement’s content.

Impact of Extended Payment Terms on PACA Protection

Application: Extended payment terms beyond thirty days, as practiced by Overton, resulted in the forfeiture of PACA protections, influencing trust benefit eligibility.

Reasoning: Under PACA, Congress aimed to protect sellers delivering produce on cash terms, not those extending payment terms beyond the statutory maximum of thirty days.

Payment Terms under PACA

Application: The court highlights that any modification to the standard 10-day payment terms under PACA must be documented in writing and disclosed on invoices, impacting Overton's claim.

Reasoning: The statutory requirements are explicit; without a written agreement modifying the 1994 terms, all invoices must reflect the agreed payment terms as mandated by 7 U.S.C. 499e(c)(3) and 7 C.F.R. 46.46(e)(1).

Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act (PACA) Trust Benefits

Application: The case examines whether Overton preserved its PACA trust benefits when payment terms exceeded the statutory maximum, impacting its priority over Quality's accounts receivable.

Reasoning: The district court erred in finding that Overton preserved its trust benefits under PACA. Overton cannot claim compliance while simultaneously listing differing terms and allowing payments outside PACA’s framework.