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Cruz v. Plasencia

Citations: 778 So. 2d 458; 2001 Fla. App. LEXIS 1374; 2001 WL 121157Docket: No. 3D99-1783

Court: District Court of Appeal of Florida; February 13, 2001; Florida; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this medical malpractice appeal, the Personal Representative of the decedent challenged a trial court's judgment favoring a physician, Dr. Plasencia, arguing that the court erred by not including Florida Standard Jury Instruction 5.1(b) on concurrent causation. The decedent suffered a perforated colon during a colonoscopy, a known risk of the procedure, which was initially managed unsuccessfully by laparoscopic repair. The delay in addressing the perforation led to complications resulting in sepsis and subsequent death from multiple organ failure. The Personal Representative contended that Dr. Plasencia's surgical decisions contributed to the death, while Dr. Plasencia argued the death resulted solely from the initial perforation. The jury, instructed only on legal cause under Instruction 5.1(a), found Dr. Plasencia not liable. On appeal, the court found the omission of Instruction 5.1(b) was not harmless, observing that it led to jury confusion about whether Dr. Plasencia's actions could be considered a contributing cause of death alongside the pre-existing condition. Citing precedent, the court concluded the lack of proper jury instructions warranted a reversal and a new trial to adequately address the issues of concurrent causation.

Legal Issues Addressed

Concurrent Causation in Medical Malpractice

Application: The court evaluated whether the omission of a jury instruction on concurrent causation constituted reversible error in a medical malpractice case.

Reasoning: The Personal Representative alleged that Dr. Plasencia's decisions regarding the surgical approach and delayed draining of contaminated fluid were negligent and caused the decedent's death.

Harmless Error in Jury Instructions

Application: The appellate court determined that the error in omitting the jury instruction on concurrent causation was not harmless, as it could have impacted the jury's understanding of causation.

Reasoning: The court ruled that the failure to give this instruction misled the jury, was not harmless, and mandated a new trial by reversing the Final Judgment.

Jury Instructions and Legal Cause

Application: The trial court's failure to provide the jury instruction on concurrent causation (Instruction 5.1(b)) was found to be a reversible error as it misled the jury on the issue of causation.

Reasoning: The court asserted that a specific instruction (Instruction 5.1(b)) would have alleviated this confusion, as it clarifies that negligence does not need to be the sole cause of injury.