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Lorraine Grace, Individually and as of the Estate of Oliver R. Grace, Gerald I. White, as of the Estate of Morgan H. Grace, and Gerald I. White, Trustee of the John E. Grace Trust, Individually, and as Stockholders of Briggs Leasing Corporation, Suing on Behalf of Themselves and for the Benefit of Said Corporation and for the Class of All Other Stockholders of Said Corporation Similarly Situated v. Robert Rosenstock, Edward Rosenstock, Briggs Leasing Corporation and Briggs Acquisition Corporation, Robert Genser, Bank Leumi Trust Company of New York, David MacK Leo v. Berger, Apex Marine Corporation and Gary Holman, Proposed

Citation: 228 F.3d 40Docket: 1999

Court: Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit; August 25, 2000; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, former stockholders of Briggs Leasing Corporation appealed a district court judgment dismissing their claims against Robert Genser related to a 1985 freeze-out merger with Briggs Acquisition Corporation. The plaintiffs alleged violations of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and related state laws, claiming material misrepresentations in the proxy statement used during the merger. The district court ruled that the plaintiffs failed to establish causation, a requisite for securities fraud claims, and emphasized that appraisal under New York Business Corporation Law was the exclusive remedy for dissenting shareholders. On appeal, the plaintiffs contended they were not required to prove causation or had sufficiently done so, and challenged the denial of their motion to file an amended complaint. The appellate court affirmed the lower court's decision, upholding that the plaintiffs did not demonstrate causation as their votes were unnecessary for the merger's approval and failed to show a loss of appraisal rights due to alleged fraud. Furthermore, the district court's denial to amend the complaint was upheld due to futility and delay, noting that most new claims were time-barred. The court's ruling underscores the necessity of proving both loss and transaction causation in securities fraud claims and reaffirms the limited scope of remedies available under New York law for dissenting shareholders in merger scenarios.

Legal Issues Addressed

Appraisal Remedy Exclusivity under New York Business Corporation Law

Application: Dissenting shareholders' exclusive remedy in a freeze-out merger is appraisal, barring equitable claims.

Reasoning: Under New York law, an appraisal is the exclusive remedy for dissenting shareholders, which the court emphasized by citing N.Y. Bus. Corp. L. §623(k).

Causation in Proxy Fraud Claims

Application: Causation requires showing that misrepresentations influenced shareholders' decisions, impacting their legal remedies.

Reasoning: Minority shareholders, even if their votes were not needed for a freeze-out merger, may establish causation by demonstrating that omissions or misrepresentations in the proxy statement influenced their decision to vote in favor of the merger, thus forfeiting a state-law remedy.

Motion to Amend Complaint

Application: Amendments can be denied for futility, undue delay, or prejudice to other parties.

Reasoning: The court retains discretion to deny amendments due to inordinate delay, lack of satisfactory explanation for the delay, or potential prejudice to other parties.

Securities Fraud under Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5

Application: Plaintiffs must demonstrate material misrepresentation or omission and causation to succeed on claims under Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5.

Reasoning: The court noted that to succeed on claims under §10(b) and Rule 10b-5, plaintiffs must prove a material misrepresentation or omission and causation.

Statute of Limitations for Fraudulent Conveyance Claims

Application: Fraudulent conveyance claims under DCL §273 a must be filed within six years from the conveyance or judgment date.

Reasoning: The proposed new defendants contested the motion to file the Supplemental Complaint, arguing a lack of federal jurisdiction and the applicability of statutes of limitations, leading Magistrate Judge Levy to deny the motion.