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Joseph F. Clark v. Kellogg Company Kellogg Usa, Inc., Carolyn Lee v. Kellogg Company Kellogg Usa, Inc., Jock A. Montes v. Kellogg Company Kellogg Usa, Inc., Audrei Lemon McGee v. Kellogg Company Kellogg Usa, Inc., Diann C. Moore v. Kellogg Company Kellogg Usa, Inc., Marian Granger v. Kellogg Company Kellogg Usa, Inc., Regina Johnson v. Kellogg Company Kellogg Usa, Inc., Nancy Trapani v. Kellogg Company Kellogg Usa, Inc., Kathryn Passauer v. Kellogg Company Kellogg Usa, Inc., Stephanie Washington v. Kellogg Company Kellogg Usa, Inc., Raymond R. Sinkevich v. Kellogg Company Kellogg Usa, Inc.

Citations: 205 F.3d 1079; 16 I.E.R. Cas. (BNA) 79; 2000 U.S. App. LEXIS 3521Docket: 99-1097

Court: Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit; March 7, 2000; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves eleven seasonal employees who sued Kellogg Company and Kellogg USA, Inc. for breach of contract, promissory estoppel, fraudulent misrepresentation, and negligent misrepresentation. The plaintiffs claimed that Kellogg failed to honor oral promises to hire them for permanent positions contingent on maintaining good conduct and continuing seasonal employment. The district court granted summary judgment in favor of Kellogg, prompting an appeal. The appellate court conducted a de novo review and applied Nebraska law, which interprets 'permanent' employment as at-will. The court found the promise of employment too vague to support the promissory estoppel claim, and determined that the plaintiffs' reliance on vague representations was unreasonable, dismissing the misrepresentation claims. The court also rejected Kellogg's argument that the state law claims were preempted by Section 301 of the Labor Management Relations Act, as the claims did not substantially depend on the interpretation of a collective bargaining agreement. Consequently, the appellate court affirmed the district court's dismissal of all claims, leaving the employees without relief.

Legal Issues Addressed

Breach of Contract Under Nebraska Law

Application: The breach of contract claim was dismissed as Nebraska law interprets 'permanent' employment as offering an indefinite term of at-will employment.

Reasoning: Regarding the Appellants' state law claims, the breach of contract claim is dismissed because Nebraska law interprets the term 'permanent' employment as offering an indefinite term of at-will employment.

Preemption by Section 301 of the Labor Management Relations Act

Application: The court rejected Kellogg's argument that the state law claims were preempted by Section 301, as the claims did not require a substantial interpretation of the CBA.

Reasoning: Kellogg's argument that Appellants' state law claims, including a breach of contract claim, are preempted by Section 301 of the Labor Management Relations Act is rejected.

Promissory Estoppel Requirements

Application: The court found that the promise made by Kellogg was too vague to support a promissory estoppel claim under Nebraska law.

Reasoning: For the promissory estoppel claim, the Appellants argue that Kellogg should be held to its oral representations about future employment. However, the court finds Kellogg's promise too vague to support this claim.

Reasonable Reliance in Misrepresentation Claims

Application: The court held that Appellants' reliance on Kellogg's vague promise was unreasonable as a matter of law.

Reasoning: For claims of fraudulent or negligent misrepresentation, Nebraska law requires plaintiffs to show reasonable reliance on the misrepresentation. The district court found that Appellants' reliance on Kellogg's alleged promise was unreasonable as a matter of law.

Standard of Review for Summary Judgment

Application: The court reviewed the grant of summary judgment de novo, applying the same criteria as the district court.

Reasoning: The standard of review for summary judgment is de novo, applying the same criteria as the district court, which is that no genuine issue of material fact exists, and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.