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Planned Parenthood of Greater Iowa, Inc. Sue Haskell, D.O. And Paula R. Mahone, M.D., on Behalf of Themselves and Their Patients v. Thomas Miller, Attorney General of the State of Iowa, in His Official Capacity, Jennifer Niebyl, M.D. Noelle C. Bowdler, M.D. Sonya Erickson, M.D. Susan Johnson, M.D. Ann Laros, M.D. Ambre Olsen, M.D. Ingrid Nygaard, M.D. Joel I. Sorosky, M.D. Craig Syrop, M.D. Bradley J. Van Voorhis, M.D. Robert Kretzschmar, M.D. Veronika E.B. Kolder, M.D. And Emma Goldman Clinic for Women, Inc., on Behalf of Its Patients, Its Staff and Itself v. Thomas Miller, Attorney General of the State of Iowa, in His Official Capacity, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Amicus on Behalf Of

Citations: 195 F.3d 386; 1999 U.S. App. LEXIS 23166Docket: 99-1372

Court: Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit; September 24, 1999; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court's decision declaring Iowa's 'partial-birth abortion' ban unconstitutional. The plaintiffs, including Planned Parenthood and various medical professionals, successfully argued that the Act imposed an undue burden on women seeking pre-viability abortions by prohibiting the dilation and extraction (D&X) procedure and indirectly affecting other methods such as dilation and evacuation (D&E) and suction-curettage. The Act's language was found to be vague, lacking an adequate health exception, and similar to previously struck down statutes in Nebraska and Arkansas. The court applied the undue burden standard from Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, emphasizing that the Act's broad language encompassed more than the intended D&X procedure, thus infringing on constitutional rights. The state's arguments regarding intent and knowledge requirements were rejected. The permanent injunction against enforcing the Act was upheld, ensuring continued access to the affected abortion procedures. The ruling underscores the necessity for clear statutory language and adequate health exceptions in abortion-related legislation.

Legal Issues Addressed

Constitutionality of Abortion Restrictions

Application: The Court determined that Iowa's 'partial-birth abortion' ban imposed an undue burden on women seeking pre-viability abortions, thereby violating established Supreme Court precedents.

Reasoning: The Court focused on whether the Iowa Act's language unconstitutionally restricted other abortion procedures, imposing an undue burden on women seeking pre-viability abortions.

Precedent from Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey

Application: The Court applied the undue burden standard from Planned Parenthood v. Casey, concluding that the Act significantly hindered a woman's right to choose an abortion.

Reasoning: The court ruled that the Act creates an undue burden, aligning with the precedent set in Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, which prohibits state laws that significantly hinder a woman's right to choose an abortion for a nonviable fetus.

Requirement for Health Exceptions in Abortion Laws

Application: The ruling emphasized the necessity for adequate health exceptions in abortion-related statutes, which the Iowa Act failed to provide.

Reasoning: The District Court found the Act unconstitutional due to vagueness, imposition of an undue burden on women seeking abortions, and lack of an adequate health exception.

Statutory Interpretation and Intent

Application: Despite arguments regarding the Act's intent and knowledge requirements, the Court found the language too broad, leading to an unconstitutional application.

Reasoning: Despite the State's argument that the Act's intent and knowledge requirements limit its scope, this reasoning was rejected based on prior case law.

Vagueness in Statutory Language

Application: The District Court found the Act unconstitutional due to vagueness, as its language could be interpreted to prohibit more than the intended procedures, thus infringing on established rights.

Reasoning: The District Court found the Act unconstitutional due to vagueness, imposition of an undue burden on women seeking abortions, and lack of an adequate health exception.