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People v. Nealis

Citations: 232 Cal. App. Supp. 3d 1; 283 Cal. Rptr. 376; 1991 Cal. App. LEXIS 1312Docket: Crim. A. No. 28410

Court: California Court of Appeal; April 11, 1991; California; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this criminal case, the appellant was convicted of battery and assault with a deadly weapon after directing her doberman pinscher to attack two individuals, causing bodily harm to one victim. The central legal issue on appeal was whether the dog could be classified as a 'deadly weapon' under California Penal Code section 245. The court affirmed the conviction, concluding that the dog met the criteria of a deadly weapon due to its size, strength, and obedience to commands to attack, thus potentially causing great bodily injury. The court referenced decisions from other jurisdictions where dogs were similarly classified when used to threaten or harm individuals. The appellant's argument citing Penal Code section 399.5, which addresses negligence in dog bite cases, was dismissed as the court emphasized the distinction between negligence and the appellant’s intentional conduct. The judgment was affirmed, with the justices concurring that the appellant’s actions constituted an intentional assault with a deadly weapon, aligning with statutory definitions and precedents regarding the use of trained animals as weapons in criminal activities.

Legal Issues Addressed

Classification of a Dog as a Deadly Weapon

Application: The court determined that a dog can be classified as a 'deadly weapon' under California Penal Code section 245 when it is used to attack or threaten individuals, and is trained to inflict serious injury, based on evidence of its nature, manner of use, and specific circumstances of the case.

Reasoning: The determination of whether a dog qualifies as such hinges on factors like its nature, manner of use, and specific case circumstances.

Distinguishing Negligence from Intentional Acts

Application: The court differentiated between negligence under Penal Code section 399.5, which was argued by the appellant, and intentional criminal acts, as the appellant's actions were intentional by directing the dog to attack rather than negligent.

Reasoning: Appellant argued that Penal Code section 399.5, which addresses negligence by dog owners that results in bites, should prevent her conviction for assault. However, the court clarified that section 399.5 pertains to negligence, while the assault charge was based on the appellant’s intentional act of directing the dog to attack.

Interpretation of Penal Code Section 245

Application: The appellant's doberman pinscher was considered a deadly weapon under the Penal Code after the appellant commanded it to attack the victim, leading to bodily injuries, thus satisfying the statute's requirement of an object being capable of causing death or great bodily injury.

Reasoning: The evidence supported the appellant's conviction for assault with a deadly weapon under Penal Code section 245, subdivision (a)(1), which penalizes assaults with deadly weapons or means likely to produce great bodily injury.