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State v. Ramos

Citations: 203 N.J. Super. 206; 496 A.2d 390; 1985 N.J. Super. LEXIS 1389

Court: New Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division; April 23, 1985; New Jersey; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves a defendant charged with aggravated sexual assault and sexual assault against a minor, seeking to include lewdness as a lesser offense for jury consideration. Historically, lewdness was confined to public acts, but Title 2A expanded its definition to include certain private acts. The defendant argued for a requirement that lewd acts be witnessed by a non-participant; however, this was rejected as the statute covers acts committed 'with another,' including participants. Judicial precedent supports this interpretation, focusing on acts of indecent exposure affecting minors. The court's decision was influenced by the presence of other statutes covering sexual misconduct, leading to the exclusion of private acts from the lewdness statute. According to N.J.S.A. 2C:14-4, lewdness involves public acts likely to be observed by nonconsenting individuals. The court concluded that private sexual conduct is intentionally excluded from the lewdness statute, denying the defendant's request, as the statute's plain language and legislative intent focus on acts outside the private domain.

Legal Issues Addressed

Definition of Lewdness under the Code

Application: The court clarifies that lewdness under the Code includes certain private acts, broadening the traditional public setting requirement.

Reasoning: The transition to Title 2A broadened the definition to encompass certain private acts that are grossly scandalous and detrimental to public morals, establishing that private lewdness, defined as acts committed in private with another person, can be a misdemeanor.

Exclusion of Private Sexual Conduct from Lewdness Statute

Application: The court concluded that the lewdness statute does not apply to private sexual conduct, as the statute is intended to cover acts likely to be observed by nonconsenting individuals.

Reasoning: The Legislature, aware of common law and existing statutes, intentionally omitted references to private sexual conduct when adopting the Code.

Statutory Interpretation of Lewdness

Application: The court interprets the statute's plain language to limit its scope to acts observed or expected to be observed, excluding private conduct.

Reasoning: The intent of the statute is derived from its plain language, which specifies that only sexual acts observed or expected to be observed by others fall within its scope.