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Mortgage Grader, Inc. v. Costco Wholesale Corp.

Citations: 89 F. Supp. 3d 1055; 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 26769; 2015 WL 778125Docket: Case No. SACV 13-00043 AG (ANx)

Court: District Court, C.D. California; January 11, 2015; Federal District Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, the plaintiff alleged infringement of two patents related to online mortgage shopping systems by several defendants. The defendants sought summary judgment, arguing that the patents failed to meet patent eligibility criteria under 35 U.S.C. § 101, which excludes abstract ideas from patentability. The court applied the Alice/Mayo framework, determining that the patents were indeed directed to abstract ideas without an inventive concept that would transform them into patent-eligible applications. Consequently, the court granted summary judgment in part, invalidating the patents under the said section. However, it denied other components of the summary judgment motion, including non-infringement claims and issues of divided infringement, on grounds that there was a genuine issue of material fact. The court also declined to dismiss claims of induced infringement against one defendant, finding sufficient allegations of encouragement of patent use. The outcome left the claims of invalidity decided in favor of the defendants, while infringement and inducement claims remained unresolved for trial.

Legal Issues Addressed

Alice/Mayo Test for Patent Eligibility

Application: The court applied the two-step Alice/Mayo test to determine whether the claims were directed to patent-ineligible abstract ideas and whether any inventive concept was present.

Reasoning: The two steps of the Alice/Mayo test, while easier to articulate than to apply, clarify that mere recitation of a generic computer does not suffice to convert a patent-ineligible abstract idea into a patent-eligible invention.

Divided Infringement in Method Claims

Application: The court rejected the defendants' claim of divided infringement, asserting that the processing steps were sufficiently controlled by a single party.

Reasoning: The court agrees with the plaintiff, asserting that the claims do not demonstrate divided infringement issues, as all actions are carried out by the third-party evaluator rather than the borrower.

Doctrine of Equivalents in Patent Infringement

Application: The court found that the doctrine of equivalents could not be conclusively dismissed by the defendants, and thus, denied summary judgment on this basis.

Reasoning: Plaintiff argues that if the information sent to the lender does not qualify as credit grading, it should be treated as equivalent... the court concludes that Defendants have not effectively shown that the doctrine of equivalents vitiates these limitations, thus not establishing their claim for summary judgment.

Patent Eligibility under 35 U.S.C. § 101

Application: The court ruled that the patents in question failed to meet the criteria of patent eligibility as they were directed towards abstract ideas without sufficient inventive concept.

Reasoning: The court granted in part and denied in part the motion, determining that the patents fail the criteria set forth in 35 U.S.C. § 101, which stipulates that only new and useful processes, machines, or compositions can be patented, explicitly excluding laws of nature, natural phenomena, and abstract ideas to prevent monopolization of basic scientific and technological tools that could hinder innovation.

Summary Judgment in Patent Infringement Cases

Application: The defendants' motion for summary judgment was granted in part as the court found the plaintiff failed to provide sufficient evidence to prove patent eligibility, but denied other parts related to non-infringement.

Reasoning: The burden of proof lies with the patentee, but an accused infringer can obtain summary judgment by demonstrating a lack of evidence for infringement or by negating essential facts of the patentee's case.