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Morrison Entertainment Group Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.

Citation: 56 F. App'x 782Docket: Nos. 01-56694, 01-56961

Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit; February 3, 2003; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves an appeal by Morrison Entertainment Group against a district court's summary judgment in favor of the defendants, with Nintendo also appealing the court's ruling on its lack of standing to cancel the 'Monster in My Pocket' trademark. Morrison contended that the 'Pokémon' trademark might cause reverse confusion, leading consumers to believe that 'Monster in My Pocket' products originate from the same source as 'Pokémon.' The court assessed the likelihood of confusion using the Sleekcraft factors, focusing on differences in visual, phonetic, and semantic aspects between the marks. The court found no evidence of actual confusion and noted that the trademarks differ significantly, dismissing Morrison's trademark infringement claim. Furthermore, Morrison's claims of intentional interference and unfair competition were dismissed due to a lack of evidence and the absence of a likelihood of confusion, respectively. Nintendo's counterclaim to cancel Morrison's trademark was deemed moot, as there was no longer a controversy following the dismissal of Morrison's primary claims. The district court's rulings were affirmed, with the court noting the semantic similarity of the terms involved but finding no basis for consumer confusion.

Legal Issues Addressed

Application of the Sleekcraft Factors

Application: The court used the Sleekcraft factors to assess the likelihood of confusion, focusing on the visual, phonetic, and semantic differences between the trademarks in question.

Reasoning: The analysis utilizes eight nonexclusive Sleekcraft factors, focusing on key aspects relevant to the case at hand.

Evidence of Actual Confusion

Application: Morrison's failure to present evidence of actual consumer confusion undermined its trademark infringement claim.

Reasoning: Morrison failed to provide evidence of actual confusion regarding the source or endorsement of its product, Monster in My Pocket, and Nintendo’s products.

Intentional Interference with Prospective Economic Advantage

Application: The court upheld the district court's ruling, finding no evidence implicating defendants in Warner Brothers' decision, which was central to Morrison's claim.

Reasoning: However, since Warner Brothers was not a party to the lawsuit and there was no evidence implicating the defendants in that decision, the court upheld the district court's ruling on the intentional interference claim.

Standing to Cancel Trademark

Application: Nintendo's appeal regarding its standing to cancel the Monster in My Pocket trademark was deemed moot following the failure of Morrison's infringement action.

Reasoning: Nintendo's counterclaim to cancel Morrison's trademark is moot. Nintendo claimed potential damage from Morrison's trademark based solely on Morrison's infringement action, which has not succeeded on other grounds.

Trademark Infringement and Likelihood of Confusion

Application: The court evaluated whether the trademarks 'Pokémon' and 'Monster in My Pocket' are likely to cause confusion among consumers, ultimately finding significant differences that negate such likelihood.

Reasoning: Ultimately, the substantial differences in sight, sound, and the limited significance of their meanings lead to the conclusion that the two marks are not likely to cause consumer confusion in the marketplace.

Unfair Competition under California Business and Professions Code Section 17200

Application: Morrison's unfair competition claim was dismissed due to the lack of established likelihood of confusion, aligning it with the requirements under the Lanham Act.

Reasoning: Morrison's unfair competition claim under California Business and Professions Code, Section 17200, cannot proceed without demonstrating a likelihood of confusion, as it relies solely on allegations from the trademark infringement case.