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United States v. Tatum

Citation: 138 F.3d 1344Docket: 96-3225

Court: Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit; April 13, 1998; Federal Appellate Court

Original Court Document: View Document

Narrative Opinion Summary

In a case involving conspiracy to defraud the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Gene and Nancy Tatum were convicted for making false statements and embezzling funds under 18 U.S.C. 371, 1007, and 641. The convictions stemmed from fraudulent activities associated with the management of Ironwood Golf Course, where Gene Tatum, as property manager, failed to disclose a conflict of interest in contracts awarded to his own company, Tee Time Management, Inc., while Nancy Tatum assisted in diverting funds. On appeal, the Tatums challenged their convictions and the calculated loss amounts used in sentencing. The district court enhanced their sentences based on the gross amounts related to their criminal activities, without adjusting for actual services rendered or legitimate expenditures. The appellate court found that the district court erred in applying the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines, particularly U.S.S.G. 2F1.1, Application Note 7, which requires considering actual or intended loss. Consequently, the convictions were affirmed, but the sentences were vacated and the case was remanded for resentencing. The appellate court instructed that, if no actual or intended loss is determined on remand, the base offense level should not be increased unless an upward departure is warranted.

Legal Issues Addressed

Calculating Loss in Fraud Cases

Application: The loss in fraud cases is determined by considering both actual and intended loss, which may involve subtracting recoverable amounts from secured assets in cases of fraudulent loan procurement.

Reasoning: In instances where a defendant fraudulently obtains a loan through asset misrepresentation, the loss is calculated as the unpaid loan amount at the time the fraud is discovered, minus recoverable amounts from secured assets.

Conspiracy to Defraud the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Application: The Tatums were convicted under 18 U.S.C. 371 for conspiring to commit offenses against the FDIC, specifically by making false statements and defrauding the organization.

Reasoning: Gene and Nancy Tatum were convicted after a jury trial for conspiracy to commit offenses against the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) under 18 U.S.C. 371, specifically for making false statements (18 U.S.C. 1007) and defrauding/embezzling from the FDIC (18 U.S.C. 641).

Fraudulent Contract Procurement and Sentencing Guidelines

Application: The district court initially calculated losses based on gross amounts related to fraudulent contracts, but the case was remanded for resentencing as the calculation did not consider actual or intended losses as per U.S.S.G. 2F1.1.

Reasoning: The guidelines also note that loss does not include potential interest the victim could have earned. If an intended loss can be determined, it will be used if it exceeds the actual loss... For example, if a defendant significantly downplays debts but repays the loan, the calculated loss may not reflect the risk created.

Remand for Resentencing Due to Error in Loss Calculation

Application: The district court's failure to properly apply U.S.S.G. 2F1.1, Application Note 7 resulted in the vacating of the sentences and a remand for resentencing.

Reasoning: The application of U.S.S.G. 2F1.1, Application Note 7, was deemed applicable in this case, and the district court's failure to apply it was identified as an error.