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John J. Joubert v. Nebraska Board of Pardons, Donald B. Stenberg, Attorney General of the State of Nebraska, Individually and in His Official Capacity E. Benjamin Nelson, Governor of the State of Nebraska, Individually and in His Official Capacity Scott A. Moore, Secretary of State of the State of Nebraska, Individually and in His Official Capacity Frank X. Hopkins, Warden of the Nebraska State Penitentiary, Individually and in His Official Capacity

Citations: 87 F.3d 966; 1996 U.S. App. LEXIS 15577Docket: 96-2688

Court: Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit; June 27, 1996; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, the appellant sought injunctive relief under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, arguing constitutional violations by the Nebraska Board of Pardons in handling his clemency application. The appellant, sentenced to death for murder, filed a complaint alleging violations of procedural and substantive due process rights, as well as Eighth Amendment rights, due to the Board's procedures and composition. The district court dismissed the complaint, finding no constitutional rights were violated. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed this decision, emphasizing that the clemency process in Nebraska does not confer a constitutional right or entitlement due to its discretionary nature. The court highlighted that procedural due process was not infringed as the Board's broad discretion does not guarantee a hearing or unbiased decision-makers. Furthermore, the inclusion of the Attorney General on the Board was found not to violate substantive due process, as clemency proceedings are not subject to due process requirements. Consequently, the appellant's Section 1983 claim was deemed meritless, and his request for an injunction pending appeal was denied.

Legal Issues Addressed

Eighth Amendment and Clemency Procedures

Application: Claims that clemency procedures violated the Eighth Amendment were dismissed, as the clemency process itself is not subject to constitutional scrutiny.

Reasoning: Joubert's appeal reiterated these arguments, but the court upheld the lower court's ruling, emphasizing that prisoners do not have a constitutional right to clemency.

Procedural Due Process in Clemency Proceedings

Application: The court found that the Nebraska Board of Pardons' procedures did not violate procedural due process rights as there is no constitutional entitlement to specific procedures in clemency applications.

Reasoning: A commutation statute lacking constraints on the discretion of the clemency board does not establish a constitutional right or entitlement under the Due Process Clause.

Section 1983 Claims and Constitutional Violations

Application: The court affirmed the dismissal of Joubert's Section 1983 claim due to the lack of a constitutional right to clemency, thus no constitutional violation occurred.

Reasoning: The district court found that Joubert did not demonstrate a violation of a constitutional right, which is necessary for a successful § 1983 claim, and dismissed his complaint.

Substantive Due Process and Clemency Boards

Application: The inclusion of the Attorney General on the Board does not violate substantive due process rights, as the clemency process does not implicate due process rights in Nebraska.

Reasoning: Joubert argues that the Attorney General's dual role as prosecutor and arbiter violates his substantive due process rights; however, this claim is also unsupported...