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96 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 2331, 96 Daily Journal D.A.R. 3925, 96 Daily Journal D.A.R. 3962 United States of America, and Sandra Atkins James Atkins Bjorn Brodahl Wendy Brodahl William Chicoine Kari Chicoine Robert Fogel Betty Fogel James Gamble Tom Henslin Audrea Henslin Roy Marshall Jonathan Palmer Michael Park Fidel Sanchez Patricia Sanchez Carson Shade Tim Stoddard Paul Winslow Anna Winslow Larry Youngquist William Zaputil Juanita Zaputil v. David M. Mindel

Citation: 80 F.3d 394Docket: 94-50562

Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit; April 4, 1996; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In a case before the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, the court addressed whether crime victims have standing to challenge the rescission of criminal restitution payments under the Victim Witness Protection Act (VWPA). The plaintiffs, represented by the Fichter Group, sought to appeal a district court's modification of a restitution order that rescinded payments owed to them by David Mindel, who had been convicted of mail fraud and conspiracy. The court determined that the plaintiffs lacked standing as they were unable to demonstrate an 'injury in fact,' a constitutional requirement for standing. The court further noted that their interests did not align with the penal objectives of the VWPA, which primarily serves the government's interests rather than compensatory interests of victims. Additionally, the court rejected the Fichter Group's petition for a writ of mandamus, citing lack of standing and distinguishing the case from previous instances involving First Amendment rights. Consequently, the court dismissed the appeal, reaffirming that the VWPA does not grant victims a right to challenge restitution orders in criminal matters.

Legal Issues Addressed

Constitutional Requirements for Standing

Application: The Fichter Group failed to demonstrate the necessary 'injury in fact' to establish standing, as their interests were deemed compensatory rather than penal.

Reasoning: To satisfy the constitutional minimum for standing, the Fichter Group must demonstrate an 'injury in fact,' which is concrete, particularized, and actual or imminent, along with a causal connection to the conduct in question and a likelihood of redress from a favorable decision.

Enforcement of Restitution Orders as Civil Judgments

Application: Although the VWPA allows enforcement of restitution orders as civil judgments, it does not provide victims with standing in criminal proceedings to challenge judicial decisions.

Reasoning: Although the VWPA allows victims to enforce restitution orders as civil judgments, it does not convert these orders into civil judgments.

Prudential Limitations on Standing under the VWPA

Application: The court held that the Fichter Group's interests did not fall within the 'zone of interests' protected by the VWPA, thus failing the prudential limitations for statutory standing.

Reasoning: To establish standing under a statute, a party must meet prudential limitations, including that their interests must fall within the 'zone of interests' the statute protects.

Standing to Challenge Restitution Orders under the VWPA

Application: The court determined that crime victims do not have standing to appeal or seek mandamus review of district court orders rescinding criminal restitution payments.

Reasoning: The court concluded that crime victims lack standing to appeal or seek mandamus review of such orders, leading to the dismissal of the appeal without addressing the case's merits.

Standing to Petition for Writ of Mandamus

Application: The Fichter Group was denied standing to petition for a writ of mandamus as their situation did not involve First Amendment rights or any direct injury, distinguishing it from precedent cases.

Reasoning: Consequently, the Fichter Group does not have standing to petition for a writ of mandamus.