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Funkhouser v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.

Citation: 289 F.3d 1137Docket: Nos. 00-35397, 00-35410

Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit; May 15, 2002; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, a federal court addressed the preemption issues under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) and the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) stemming from policy changes following a bank merger. The plaintiffs, former employees, filed a class action alleging that these changes violated the FMLA and constituted a breach of contract under state law. The district court dismissed the FMLA claims, finding that the new benefits exceeded statutory requirements and thus did not constitute a violation. Regarding the breach of contract claim, the court had to determine whether it was preempted by ERISA, which would confer federal jurisdiction. The court concluded that Wells Fargo's pre-merger sick-time and vacation policies were payroll practices, not ERISA plans, and thus not preempted. However, Wells Fargo argued that the claim involved the Short-Term Disability program, an ERISA plan. The court found that damage calculations referencing ERISA benefits did not automatically invoke preemption. Consequently, the breach of contract claim was dismissed without prejudice due to lack of supplemental jurisdiction. Both parties filed appeals, contesting various aspects of the court's determinations.

Legal Issues Addressed

Distinction Between Payroll Practices and ERISA Plans

Application: The court ruled that Wells Fargo's pre-merger sick-time and vacation policies were payroll practices, not ERISA plans, thereby not preempted by ERISA.

Reasoning: Wells Fargo's pre-merger sick-time and vacation policies are classified as payroll practices, thereby exempt from being defined as an 'employee benefit plan.'

ERISA Preemption and Damage Calculations

Application: A claim does not automatically relate to an ERISA plan simply because damage calculations reference it. The court ruled that such reference does not justify preemption.

Reasoning: Courts have ruled that the mere consideration of ERISA benefits in damage calculations does not justify preemption.

ERISA Preemption and Federal Jurisdiction

Application: The court must determine if a state law claim is completely preempted by ERISA, which would provide a basis for federal jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331.

Reasoning: If a claim is completely preempted by ERISA, it invokes federal jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331.

FMLA Compliance and Employer Policy Changes

Application: The court found that Wells Fargo's benefits exceeded the FMLA's statutory minimums, and the policy changes did not constitute a violation of the FMLA.

Reasoning: The district court correctly dismissed the FMLA claim since Wells Fargo's benefits exceed statutory minimums.