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Hotel Employees & Restaurant Employees International Union Local 54 v. Elsinore Shore Associates

Citations: 173 F.3d 175; 1999 WL 198489Docket: Nos. 97-5789, 98-5116

Court: Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit; March 30, 1999; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves the closure of a casino operated by Elsinore Shore Associates, which prompted litigation under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN Act) by former employees. The primary legal issues involve the applicability of the WARN Act to government-ordered closures and the 'unforeseeable business circumstances' defense. Initially, the District Court ruled that the WARN Act did not apply to the closure ordered by the Casino Control Commission, citing an exemption for government-mandated closures. However, upon reconsideration, the court determined that WARN does apply unless the government entirely removes the employer from control. Elsinore argued that the closure was unforeseeable due to financial difficulties and regulatory actions, which the court upheld, finding that the circumstances surrounding the closure were indeed unforeseeable within the statutory notice period. The court concluded that Elsinore retained significant control over the casino, thereby subjecting the closure to WARN's notice requirements. Nonetheless, the unforeseeable business circumstances exception justified the lack of notice. Consequently, the court affirmed that the closure did not violate WARN, considering the exceptional financial and regulatory pressures faced by Elsinore. The case underscores the nuanced application of WARN to government-influenced closures and the standards for determining unforeseeability in business operations.

Legal Issues Addressed

Applicability of the WARN Act to Government-Ordered Closures

Application: The court examined whether the WARN Act applied to closures mandated by a government entity, concluding that such closures generally fall under the Act unless the government completely removes the employer from control.

Reasoning: Upon reconsideration in 1992, the Judge vacated the previous ruling, stating that WARN does apply to government-ordered closings unless the government completely removes the employer from control.

Employer's Control in Government-Ordered Closures

Application: The court concluded that Elsinore Shore Associates retained sufficient control over Atlantis, making the WARN Act applicable, as the level of government control was less absolute than in bank closures.

Reasoning: The District Judge determined that the Casino Control Commission's level of control over the casino was less absolute than that exercised during a bank closure, concluding that Elsinore Shore Associates retained control of the Atlantis, thus subjecting it to WARN requirements.

Interpretation of WARN Act's Notice Requirement

Application: The court interpreted WARN's notice requirement to mandate foreseeability of closure 60 days in advance within a 14-day window, which was not met by Elsinore.

Reasoning: The District Court's conclusion is upheld that WARN requires closures to be foreseeable 60 days in advance and within a 14-day window.

Unforeseeable Business Circumstances Exception under WARN Act

Application: The court applied the 'unforeseeable business circumstances' exception to the closure of the Atlantis, determining that the closure was not foreseeable within the required 60-day notice period.

Reasoning: The District Court determined that the Casino Control Commission's May 22, 1989 order to close the Atlantis was not foreseeable within a 14-day notice window preceding March 23, 1989.