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United States v. Orvel G. Spence

Citations: 57 F.3d 1078; 1995 U.S. App. LEXIS 21957; 1995 WL 358188Docket: 94-50482

Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit; June 14, 1995; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

The case involves an appeal by Orvel G. Spence against his conviction for extortion under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 875(b), following threats to destroy a United Airlines aircraft unless paid $1.5 million. Spence contended that the district court improperly admitted evidence of his prior convictions, thus violating his due process rights. The Ninth Circuit upheld the conviction, determining that the district court acted within its discretion when admitting a 1983 conviction for receiving a stolen airplane, as it was relevant to Spence's credibility, pivotal to his duress defense. The court also examined the admission of a 1982 obstruction of justice conviction, for which Spence argued there was insufficient advance notice. Nevertheless, the court deemed any error in its admission harmless due to the substantial evidence against him. Further, the court clarified that Ninth Circuit precedent does not mandate providing specific details about prior convictions for evaluating their admissibility under F.R.E. 609(b). The appellate court concluded that the district court correctly evaluated the probative versus prejudicial balance concerning Spence's credibility, affirming the conviction and upholding the district court's rulings.

Legal Issues Addressed

Admission of Prior Convictions under Federal Rule of Evidence 609

Application: The court permitted the admission of Spence's past convictions, finding that they were relevant to assessing his credibility, especially given the lack of corroborating evidence for his duress defense.

Reasoning: The Ninth Circuit affirms the conviction, finding no abuse of discretion by the district court in admitting evidence of a 1983 conviction for receiving a stolen airplane.

Harmless Error Doctrine in Criminal Appeals

Application: Even if the admission of the 1982 obstruction of justice conviction was erroneous due to lack of notice, the court concluded that the error was harmless given the overwhelming evidence against Spence.

Reasoning: However, even assuming this was an error, the court found that Spence did not demonstrate substantial prejudice necessary for reversal.

Requirements for Specific Facts under Federal Rule of Evidence 609(b)

Application: The court held that Ninth Circuit precedent does not require the government to provide specific background facts of a prior conviction for the court to evaluate its probative value versus prejudicial effect.

Reasoning: Spence contends that the government failed to provide specific facts regarding the background of his prior conviction, which he claims is necessary under F.R.E. 609(b) for the court to assess its probative value.