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In re J.K.

Citations: 49 Wash. App. 670; 745 P.2d 1304Docket: No. 10215-3-II

Court: Court of Appeals of Washington; October 27, 1987; Washington; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

The case involves an appeal by Patrick and Laura K. against a Superior Court's determination that their child, J.K., is a dependent child due to abuse or neglect. The court's decision was based on testimony from medical professionals and social workers indicating J.K. expressed fear and reported harm by her father. The K's challenged the dependency statute, RCW 13.34.130, arguing it violates due process by permitting dependency to be established by a preponderance of evidence. However, the court upheld the statute's constitutionality, referencing In re Chubb, and deemed the standard sufficient. The court also addressed the admissibility of J.K.'s out-of-court statements under ER 803(a)(4), affirming their admissibility as they were made for medical diagnosis. Further, the court upheld the trial judge's discretion in quashing a subpoena for J.K. to demonstrate her behavior in court, citing the decision was not manifestly unreasonable. The K's failure to present verbatim claims against the findings rendered their objections unreviewable. Ultimately, the court affirmed the dependency determination, finding no constitutional violations or errors in the application of legal standards, and the Supreme Court denied further review.

Legal Issues Addressed

Admissibility of Out-of-Court Statements under ER 803(a)(4)

Application: The court found J.K.'s statements admissible as they were made for medical diagnosis or treatment, thus falling under the hearsay exception provided by ER 803(a)(4).

Reasoning: Regarding the admissibility of J.K.'s out-of-court statements, the court finds that they are permissible under ER 803(a)(4) as they were made for medical diagnosis or treatment.

Challenges to Findings of Fact

Application: The K's objections to the trial court's findings were dismissed due to their failure to present the findings verbatim, thus rendering the claims unreviewable.

Reasoning: Lastly, the K's objections to the trial court's findings—that Patrick K. sexually abused J.K. and that Laura K. was unfit to care for her—are dismissed because they did not present the findings verbatim as required by court rules, making those claims unreviewable.

Dependency Determination under RCW 13.34.130

Application: The court held that a preponderance of evidence is sufficient to establish a child's dependency status under RCW 13.34.130, affirming its constitutionality and dismissal of due process violation claims.

Reasoning: The K.'s petition for discretionary review included a claim that the dependency statute, RCW 13.34.130, violates due process by allowing dependency to be established by a preponderance of evidence rather than clear and convincing evidence.

Judicial Discretion in Courtroom Demonstrations

Application: The trial court's refusal to allow J.K. in the courtroom for a demonstration was upheld, as such decisions are only reversible if manifestly unreasonable.

Reasoning: The court also upholds the trial judge's discretion in refusing to allow J.K. into the courtroom for a demonstration, noting that such a decision is only reversible if manifestly unreasonable.

Standard of Proof for Foster Care Placement of Indian Children under Federal Law

Application: The court notes the requirement for clear and convincing evidence under 25 U.S.C. 1912 but highlights that the K's did not challenge this statute under the Fifth Amendment.

Reasoning: The court references federal law (25 U.S.C. 1912), which requires clear and convincing evidence for the foster care placement of Indian children, but notes that the K's did not contest this statute under the Fifth Amendment.