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Market Square Associates, Ltd. v. Commonwealth Land Title Insurance (In re Market Square Associates, Ltd.)

Citations: 56 B.R. 566; 1986 Bankr. LEXIS 6944Docket: Bankruptcy Nos. 80 B 11908 (PA), 80 B 11907 (PA); Adv. No. 81-5225-A

Court: District Court, S.D. New York; January 7, 1986; Federal District Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, the Debtors, two Pennsylvania limited partnerships, sought reorganization under Chapter 11 and initiated an adversary proceeding against Commonwealth Land Title Insurance Co., alleging intentional breach of an escrow agreement and a related tort claim under the business compulsion doctrine. The Debtors contended that Commonwealth's actions forced them to close real estate transactions under duress, resulting in significant financial losses. Commonwealth moved for summary judgment, arguing that its actions were not the proximate cause of the Debtors' losses. The court agreed, emphasizing that the Debtors' injuries stemmed from their own contractual obligations and payments, rather than any breach by Commonwealth. The court granted summary judgment in favor of Commonwealth on Counts 1 and 2, concluding that no genuine issues of material fact existed and that the alleged breach did not proximately cause the Debtors' claimed damages. The remaining counts related to title policy and recording agreements were not addressed in this motion. As a result, the Debtors did not prevail in their claims against Commonwealth, and the case underscored the importance of establishing proximate cause in breach of contract and tort claims.

Legal Issues Addressed

Business Compulsion Doctrine

Application: The Debtors argued that they were compelled to proceed with the purchase due to economic pressure resulting from Commonwealth's alleged breach.

Reasoning: The tort claim is founded on the doctrine of business compulsion, asserting that Garfinkle exerted economic pressure on the Debtors due to Commonwealth's breach.

Fiduciary Duty of Escrow Agents

Application: The court found that escrow agents are not insurers against loss, as the Debtors' losses were not attributable to the escrow agent's actions.

Reasoning: Citing case law, the court noted that the escrow holder was not liable for breach of agreement as the losses were attributed to the Debtors’ own decisions rather than the escrow’s actions.

Proximate Cause in Contract and Tort Claims

Application: The Debtors must establish that their damages were directly caused by Commonwealth's alleged breach of the escrow agreement.

Reasoning: The court concluded that Commonwealth's alleged breach of the escrow agreement did not proximately cause the Debtors' claimed injuries related to the purchase of properties subject to the PNB mortgage.

Summary Judgment Standard

Application: The court must determine if there are any genuine issues of material fact to be tried and if the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.

Reasoning: In legal proceedings concerning a motion for summary judgment, the court must identify any genuine issues of material fact rather than resolve factual disputes.