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Milissa Madrigal v. Ibp, Inc., Evelyn I. Roskob v. Ipb, Inc.

Citation: 21 F.3d 1121Docket: 93-3308

Court: Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit; April 22, 1994; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In a consolidated appeal involving retaliatory discharge claims against IBP, Inc., the Tenth Circuit Court affirmed the district court's summary judgment in favor of the defendant. The appellants, contesting the use of a clear and convincing evidence standard by the district court, sought a delay in the appeal until a similar issue was addressed by the Kansas Supreme Court. The court denied this request, citing existing precedent supporting the applied standard and noting procedural missteps by the appellants, including a failure to timely object to the standard during trial proceedings. Specifically, the pretrial order in Roskob's case bound the parties to the clear and convincing evidence standard, and Madrigal did not raise the issue in her motion under Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e). Furthermore, Roskob's forfeiture of an argument due to an improper surreply demonstrated a procedural oversight. The appellate court declined to consider new issues on appeal without substantive justification. As the order and judgment do not serve as binding precedent, citation is generally disallowed unless specified. Ultimately, the appellate court upheld the lower court's judgment, finding no basis for reversal on the presented merits.

Legal Issues Addressed

Citing Unpublished Opinions

Application: Unpublished opinions can be cited if they have persuasive value on a material issue and if provided with the citing document or during oral argument.

Reasoning: Unpublished opinions can now be cited if they have persuasive value on a material issue and if a copy is provided with the citing document or during oral argument.

Consolidation of Related Appeals

Application: The appeals were consolidated due to their interrelated nature and shared legal representation.

Reasoning: The appeals were consolidated for decision due to their interrelated nature and shared legal representation.

Forfeiture of Argument Due to Procedural Violations

Application: Roskob forfeited her argument by improperly raising an issue in a late surreply and failing to address it in her brief.

Reasoning: IBP's brief indicated that Roskob improperly raised an issue in a late surreply, which violated local rules; since Roskob did not address this matter in her brief or include the surreply in the record, she has forfeited any argument related to it.

Pretrial Orders Binding Parties

Application: The pretrial order in Roskob's case explicitly stated the standard to be applied, which bound the parties.

Reasoning: The pretrial order in Roskob's case explicitly stated the standard to be applied, which bound the parties...

Raising Issues on Appeal

Application: The appellate court declined to consider new issues raised on appeal without justification, adhering to procedural norms.

Reasoning: The court declined to consider the issue for the first time on appeal, as no justification was provided beyond the certification in another case.

Standard of Proof in Retaliatory Discharge Claims

Application: The court affirmed the use of the clear and convincing evidence standard for retaliatory discharge claims under Kansas law.

Reasoning: The appellants argued that the district court incorrectly used a clear and convincing evidence standard for their retaliatory discharge claims, asserting that Kansas law requires a different standard.