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Valli Moser v. United States

Citations: 18 F.3d 469; 1994 U.S. App. LEXIS 4222; 1994 WL 70537Docket: 93-2370

Court: Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit; March 9, 1994; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, the defendant was charged in a two-count indictment in the Western District of Wisconsin. The charges included bribery under 18 U.S.C. § 201(b)(1)(A) for allegedly offering real estate services to an IRS official to influence tax liability reduction, and making false statements under 18 U.S.C. § 1001, where she denied knowledge of her ex-husband's tax issues. The jury acquitted her on the bribery charge (Count I) but convicted her on the false statements charge (Count II), resulting in a sentence of probation and a fine. On appeal, the defendant contested the district court's rejection of the 'exculpatory no' doctrine, claiming it should have applied to her case. However, the appeal did not preserve a challenge to the materiality of her false statements, and the court found no reversible error. The court upheld the conviction, emphasizing that the 'exculpatory no' doctrine did not apply, as it is limited to specific circumstances not met in this case. The appeal was subject to de novo review, focusing on legal questions without finding any procedural errors that warranted overturning the verdict.

Legal Issues Addressed

Bribery Under 18 U.S.C. § 201(b)(1)(A)

Application: The defendant was acquitted of bribery charges, which alleged an attempt to influence an IRS official by offering real estate services.

Reasoning: The jury acquitted the defendant of bribery (Count I) but convicted her of falsifying information under Title 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1001 (Count II).

Exculpatory No Doctrine

Application: The court found no reversible error in rejecting the application of the 'exculpatory no' doctrine, as it did not apply to the defendant's circumstances.

Reasoning: The appellant argued that the district court erred by not instructing the jury on the 'exculpatory no' doctrine and by failing to dismiss the case on that basis, but did not preserve this claim through objections during trial.

False Statements Under 18 U.S.C. § 1001

Application: The defendant was convicted for making false statements to an IRS inspector, denying knowledge and discussions about her ex-husband's tax liability.

Reasoning: Count II involved making false statements to an IRS inspector under 18 U.S.C. § 1001, where Moser allegedly claimed ignorance of her ex-husband's tax liability and denied discussing it with the IRS manager, knowing these statements were false.

Materiality of False Statements

Application: The appellant's failure to preserve objections regarding the materiality of her statements led to the court affirming the district court's decision.

Reasoning: Materiality under Section 1001 is a legal question for the district court, and the statute has been interpreted broadly by Congress and the Supreme Court.