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Johnson v. State

Citations: 166 Ariz. 567; 804 P.2d 100; 58 Ariz. Adv. Rep. 54; 1990 Ariz. App. LEXIS 145Docket: No. 1 CA-CV 88-570

Court: Court of Appeals of Arizona; April 17, 1990; Arizona; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

The case revolves around the forfeiture of a computer seized from the appellant's apartment during a warrant-based search, following allegations of unauthorized access attempts to a telephone exchange. The State of Arizona initiated forfeiture proceedings under A.R.S. section 13-4311, invoking A.R.S. section 13-2316 as the basis. Upon review, the court found that the computer fraud statute does not authorize property forfeiture, leading to a concession by the state. The state subsequently attempted to argue the forfeiture under the racketeering statute, A.R.S. section 13-2314, but this was dismissed due to lack of notice. Moreover, the state failed to substantiate claims of racketeering, as there was no demonstrable link between the alleged theft of services and the appellant’s son, nor evidence meeting the statutory threshold for racketeering theft. Consequently, the court vacated the forfeiture order and instructed the return of the property to the appellant, denying requests for costs and attorney's fees. The judgment was unanimously concurred by Judges Claborne and Ehrlich.

Legal Issues Addressed

Application of Computer Fraud Statute

Application: The court held that the computer fraud statute, A.R.S. section 13-2316, does not authorize the forfeiture of property used in committing computer-related crimes.

Reasoning: However, the court identified a critical issue: the computer fraud statute does not permit forfeiture of property used in the commission of such crimes.

Evidence of Theft under Racketeering Provisions

Application: The state did not present sufficient evidence to substantiate the claim that theft of long-distance services occurred, nor that it met the monetary threshold for racketeering theft.

Reasoning: For theft to qualify as a Class 6 felony, it must involve property or services valued at $250 or more, yet there was no evidence presented to meet this threshold, which is necessary to substantiate racketeering theft under A.R.S. section 13-2301(D)(4).

Forfeiture under A.R.S. section 13-4311

Application: The court determined that the forfeiture of the appellant's computer was unauthorized because the applicable statute did not permit forfeiture for the crime in question.

Reasoning: The court found the forfeiture of a computer used in an illegal access attempt to long-distance telephone facilities was unauthorized by law.

Procedural Requirements in Forfeiture Proceedings

Application: The court rejected the state's attempt to shift the basis of forfeiture to the racketeering statute during the appeal without prior notice.

Reasoning: The state conceded this point during the appeal but attempted to argue that the forfeiture was based on the racketeering statute, A.R.S. section 13-2314(F)(3), without prior notice.

Racketeering Statute Requirements

Application: The state failed to meet the requirements of the racketeering statute, A.R.S. section 13-2314, as it did not provide evidence of the essential elements of a crime under this provision.

Reasoning: The state could not successfully invoke the racketeering statute, A.R.S. section 13-2314, as it failed to demonstrate the essential elements of a crime under this provision.