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Washington v. State

Citation: 245 Ga. 117Docket: 35537

Court: Supreme Court of Georgia; January 24, 1980; Georgia; State Supreme Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, the defendant was convicted of malice murder and multiple counts of aggravated assault following an incident where he fatally shot a police officer after threatening law enforcement personnel. The defendant was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder charge and additional ten-year sentences for each assault charge. Despite presenting an insanity defense, the jury found him guilty. On appeal, the defendant contended that the trial court erred by failing to instruct the jury on self-defense and involuntary manslaughter. He argued that the police, lacking an arrest warrant, provoked him. However, the appellate court upheld the trial court's decision, emphasizing that threatening and shooting an officer does not warrant a self-defense claim, especially in absence of an officer's entry into the residence. The court further affirmed that trespass does not justify lethal force and that an unlawful arrest does not permit the killing of an officer. The defendant's objections to the prosecutor's closing argument and a psychiatrist's testimony were also dismissed, as no reversible error was identified. The appellant's final enumeration of error was withdrawn, and the judgment was affirmed with concurrence from all Justices.

Legal Issues Addressed

Admissibility of Psychiatrist's Testimony

Application: A psychiatrist's testimony regarding the early release of insane persons was admitted without reversible error, as it lacked specific details.

Reasoning: The defendant objected to a psychiatrist's testimony on the early release of insane persons without specifying details, which the court found did not constitute reversible error (Watkins v. State, 237 Ga. 678, 1976; Pryor v. State, 238 Ga. 698, 1977).

Jury Instruction on Self-Defense and Involuntary Manslaughter

Application: The trial court was correct in not instructing the jury on self-defense or involuntary manslaughter given the circumstances of the case.

Reasoning: The trial court correctly refused to charge on self-defense and involuntary manslaughter (Braxton v. State, 240 Ga. 10, 1977; Crawford v. State, 245 Ga. 89, 1980).

Justification for Use of Deadly Force

Application: The court held that deadly force is not justified in response to a misdemeanor trespass, nor to thwart an arrest, even if the arrest is unlawful.

Reasoning: Trespass is a misdemeanor and does not justify lethal force (Norrell v. State, 116 Ga. App. 479, 1967). An unlawful arrest does not permit the killing of the officer (Norton v. State, 137 Ga. 842, 1912).

Prosecutor's Closing Argument and Mistrial

Application: The trial judge's discretion to deny a mistrial was upheld as the prosecutor's comments in closing did not clearly reference prior offenses.

Reasoning: The defendant's claim of error regarding the prosecutor's closing argument, which suggested the jury not send him home, was found to lack a clear reference to prior offenses, justifying the trial judge's discretion in denying a mistrial (Manchester v. State, 171 Ga. 121, 1930).

Self-Defense and Use of Deadly Force

Application: The defendant's claim of self-defense was rejected as he threatened police and shot an officer without the officer entering his residence.

Reasoning: A suspect who threatens police cannot claim self-defense after shooting an officer, especially when the officer did not enter the house.