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United States v. Lenanier Brown, A/K/A Lola Mae Washington

Citations: 999 F.2d 548; 1993 U.S. App. LEXIS 27805; 1993 WL 261953Docket: 91-6366

Court: Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit; June 29, 1993; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In the case of United States v. Lenanier Brown, the defendant was convicted of conspiracy to distribute cocaine and related offenses, receiving a combined sentence of 235 months. Brown appealed pro se, with her attorney seeking to withdraw under Anders v. California. The appeal raised several issues, including the district court's determination of drug quantity for sentencing, alleged violations of the McNabb-Mallory doctrine, spousal privilege against adverse testimony, and the denial of a competency hearing. The appellate court found no merit in these arguments, noting the thorough examination of drug quantity, absence of undue delay in pre-magistrate procedures, valid waiver of spousal privilege, and lack of evidence for incompetence. Additionally, the court supported the sentencing judge's discretion in denying adjustments for acceptance of responsibility and role in the criminal activity, citing no clear error. The appeal was deemed frivolous, resulting in the affirmation of Brown's convictions and sentence, and the granting of counsel's motion to withdraw. The ruling has no precedential value within the Tenth Circuit, except under limited legal doctrines.

Legal Issues Addressed

Acceptance of Responsibility Adjustment in Sentencing

Application: The sentencing judge's decision to deny a downward adjustment for acceptance of responsibility was upheld due to a lack of evidence showing the defendant accepted responsibility.

Reasoning: The sentencing judge's assessment of acceptance of responsibility is given great deference and was deemed not clearly erroneous due to a lack of evidence showing the defendant accepted responsibility for her actions.

Citations for Unpublished Opinions

Application: Citations for unpublished opinions are permissible if they have persuasive value on a material issue, as per the General Order temporarily suspending 10th Cir. Rule 36.3.

Reasoning: Citations for unpublished opinions may now be made if they hold persuasive value on a material issue and are accompanied by a copy, as per the General Order of November 29, 1993, which temporarily suspends 10th Cir. Rule 36.3.

Competency to Stand Trial

Application: The court found no evidence of incompetence, thus denying the defendant's motion for a competency hearing, consistent with the standard that a hearing is warranted only if doubt about competency exists.

Reasoning: A competency hearing is warranted only if there is evidence creating doubt about a defendant's ability to stand trial... The district court ruled that no evidence indicated the defendant's incompetence, and the record supports this conclusion.

McNabb-Mallory Doctrine

Application: The doctrine requiring exclusion of confessions obtained after undue delay was found inapplicable as the defendant did not confess nor allege any delay in being brought before a magistrate.

Reasoning: The defendant claims a violation of the McNabb-Mallory doctrine... However, the defendant did not confess, nor did she allege any delay in being brought before a magistrate, leading to a finding of no error.

Role in Criminal Activity Adjustment in Sentencing

Application: The denial of a downward adjustment for the defendant's role in the criminal activity was affirmed as the evidence indicated her active involvement in the enterprise.

Reasoning: The evidence indicated her active role in the criminal enterprise, and the district court's determination was not found to be clearly erroneous.

Sentencing under United States Sentencing Guidelines

Application: The court found no error in the district court's determination of drug quantity for sentencing, having thoroughly examined the cocaine quantity and recessed for further investigation when necessary.

Reasoning: The appellate panel found this argument unmeritorious, noting that the district court had thoroughly examined the cocaine quantity, recessing the sentencing for further investigation when uncertainty arose.

Spousal Privilege Against Adverse Testimony

Application: The privilege was deemed waived by the defendant's husband, who chose to testify, aligning with the Supreme Court's alteration allowing the witness-spouse to decide on testifying.

Reasoning: The spousal privilege against adverse testimony was altered by the Supreme Court, allowing the witness-spouse to decide whether to testify, which Johnson did, waiving the privilege.