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Cox v. Cordice

Citations: 90 A.D.2d 297; 457 N.Y.S.2d 2; 1982 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 18839

Court: Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York; December 13, 1982; New York; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves the negligent misdiagnosis by Dr. Gordon, a pathologist, which led to an unnecessary bilateral radical mastectomy performed on the plaintiff's decedent. The jury determined that Dr. Gordon's misreading of the tissue sample was the primary cause of liability, attributing 60% of the fault to Hillcrest General Hospital and 40% to Dr. Cordice, the surgeon. The hospital's liability was linked to Dr. Gordon's actions rather than any negligence by Dr. Starr. An agreement dated March 10, 1973, defined Dr. Starr's role as Director of Pathology Services, including obligations for supervision and provision of substitutes, without an explicit indemnity clause. Nevertheless, the Corporation, managing pathology services, was implied to indemnify the hospital for its employees' negligence. As the Corporation had accepted Dr. Gordon as a substitute pathologist, it became liable for his conduct. The Supreme Court of New York County modified its initial judgment, reinstating the hospital's third-party claim against Dr. Starr and the Corporation for indemnity and granting costs to the appellant. The court's decision also affirmed the denial of a motion to set aside the verdict, ensuring the hospital could seek indemnification for damages resulting from the misdiagnosis.

Legal Issues Addressed

Allocation of Liability Among Defendants

Application: The jury apportioned liability for the negligent misdiagnosis, assigning 60% to the Hospital and 40% to Dr. Cordice, based on Dr. Gordon's actions.

Reasoning: The jury assigned 60% liability to the Hospital and 40% to Dr. Cordice, attributing the Hospital's liability to Dr. Gordon's fault rather than Dr. Starr’s negligence.

Contractual Obligations and Indemnity

Application: The Corporation's agreement to manage Pathology services implied potential indemnity for the Hospital due to the negligent acts of its employees.

Reasoning: The Corporation's agreement to manage Pathology services implies potential indemnity for the Hospital due to the negligent acts of its employees.

Liability for Negligent Misdiagnosis

Application: The court found Dr. Gordon liable for negligently misreading a tissue sample, resulting in an unnecessary medical procedure.

Reasoning: The jury found that Dr. Gordon, a pathologist, negligently misread her tissue sample, incorrectly identifying malignancy.

Modification of Judgment on Third-Party Actions

Application: The court modified the initial judgment to reinstate the Hospital’s claim for indemnity against the Corporation and Dr. Starr.

Reasoning: The Supreme Court of New York County's judgment, which had dismissed the Hospital’s third-party action against Starr, was modified to reinstate the Hospital's claim and grant judgment against both the Corporation and Starr.

Responsibility for Substitute Pathologists

Application: The Corporation and Dr. Starr were held responsible for the actions of substitute pathologists, including Dr. Gordon, due to contractual obligations.

Reasoning: Once the Corporation accepted Dr. Gordon as Starr's substitute, it became liable for his actions, regardless of whether he was an independent contractor or an employee.