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Pamela Ludwig v. C & a Wallcoverings, Incorporated, an Ohio Corporation D/B/A Kinney Wallcoverings

Citations: 960 F.2d 40; 7 I.E.R. Cas. (BNA) 566; 1992 U.S. App. LEXIS 6031; 1992 WL 65657Docket: 90-3724

Court: Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit; April 3, 1992; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, an appeal was filed challenging a district court's summary judgment in favor of the defendant, C.A. Wallcoverings, Inc. The plaintiff, an employee who had been demoted rather than terminated after reporting alleged misconduct, claimed retaliatory discharge under Illinois law. The district court ruled that such claims are not actionable under Illinois law unless actual termination occurs, pointing to established case law affirming this principle. The plaintiff argued that her demotion should be considered akin to discharge, a concept known as constructive discharge, but the court rejected this argument, noting that Illinois courts have consistently limited the scope of retaliatory discharge to actual terminations. The court further found no genuine issues of material fact regarding the plaintiff's employment status, as she remained employed post-demotion with the same salary and benefits. The request to certify a question to the Illinois Supreme Court was also denied due to existing clear precedent. Consequently, the summary judgment in favor of the defendant was affirmed, and the plaintiff's claims were dismissed.

Legal Issues Addressed

Certification to the Illinois Supreme Court

Application: Certification of questions to the Illinois Supreme Court is denied when clear precedent already exists.

Reasoning: Ludwig’s request to certify a question to the Illinois Supreme Court about retaliatory demotion is rejected, as it does not meet the criteria for certification—specifically, there is no lack of clear precedent on the issue, as Illinois courts have consistently resisted expanding the retaliatory discharge tort.

Constructive Discharge in Retaliatory Claims

Application: The court rejects the argument that a demotion constitutes constructive discharge, holding that such claims are not actionable under the retaliatory discharge tort.

Reasoning: Claims for constructive discharge—where employees resign due to an intolerable work environment—have been dismissed as non-actionable under retaliatory discharge law.

Elements of Retaliatory Discharge

Application: To establish a retaliatory discharge claim, the plaintiff must prove discharge, retaliation for specific activities, and violation of public policy.

Reasoning: The Illinois tort of retaliatory discharge requires proving three elements: discharge, retaliation for specific activities, and a violation of public policy.

Retaliatory Discharge under Illinois Law

Application: The court affirms that Illinois law does not allow a claim of retaliatory discharge unless the employee has been terminated.

Reasoning: The district court concluded that Ludwig had not demonstrated she was terminated or coerced to resign, emphasizing that Illinois law does not recognize a claim for retaliatory demotion, leading to the affirmation of the summary judgment in favor of the defendant.