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Willis v. Aratex Services, Inc.

Citations: 216 Ga. App. 729; 455 S.E.2d 415; 95 Fulton County D. Rep. 1427; 1995 Ga. App. LEXIS 244Docket: A94A2199, A94A2200

Court: Court of Appeals of Georgia; March 17, 1995; Georgia; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, the plaintiff, hired as a General Manager Trainee by Aratex Services, Inc., filed a lawsuit for breach of contract and fraud after being denied disability benefits under a travel insurance policy that had been cancelled prior to his employment. The legal contention centered around whether the state law claims were preempted by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). Aratex argued that the Employment Agreement superseded the original offer, which included the benefits, and that ERISA preempted the claims. The trial court granted summary judgment for Aratex, ruling that ERISA preemption applied, and this decision was affirmed on appeal. The appellate court emphasized that the existence of an ERISA plan was established, as the benefits were outlined in the Offer and Benefits Handbook, and the plaintiff's claims related to the plan, thus falling under ERISA's broad preemptive scope. The plaintiff's argument that the cancellation of the insurance negated the existence of an ERISA plan was dismissed, as the plan itself, rather than specific benefits, was the focus of the preemption analysis. Consequently, the cross-appeal by Aratex on alternative grounds was deemed unnecessary.

Legal Issues Addressed

ERISA Preemption of State Law Claims

Application: The court held that the plaintiff's state law breach of contract claim was preempted by ERISA because the claim was related to an employee benefit plan.

Reasoning: The court affirmed the trial court’s decision that ERISA preempted Willis's state law breach of contract claim, emphasizing ERISA's broad preemption over state laws relating to employee benefit plans.

Establishment of an ERISA-Covered Plan

Application: The court determined that Aratex had an ERISA-covered plan when the plaintiff began employment, as evidenced by the Offer and Benefits Handbook, indicating the existence of a plan despite the cancellation of specific benefits.

Reasoning: The Offer and Benefits Handbook confirms that Aratex had an ERISA-covered plan in place when the plaintiff began employment, with Travel Insurance listed as a benefit.

Interpretation of 'Relate to' under ERISA

Application: The court applied a broad interpretation of 'relate to,' finding that the plaintiff's claim had a substantial connection to the benefit plan due to the employer's actions not being completely remote from the plan.

Reasoning: The phrase 'relate to' in ERISA has been interpreted broadly by the Supreme Court, indicating that a state law claim is related to a benefit plan if the employer's actions are not completely remote from the plan.