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Underwriters at Lloyds, and Other London Underwriters Under Primary Policy No. A84/14660 and Excess Insurance Policies Issued to Denali Seafoods, Inc., on or About March 22, 1984 v. Denali Seafoods, Inc., and Mary Scanlon, Individually, and as the Special Administratrix of the Estate of John F. Scanlon, Jr., and as the Natural Guardian of Leif Eric Scanlon, a Minor Lance Scanlon Patrick Scanlon and Erica Scanlon, Defendants/intervenors-Appellants

Citations: 927 F.2d 459; 91 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 1675; 91 Daily Journal DAR 2453; 1991 U.S. App. LEXIS 3044Docket: 90-35204

Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit; February 27, 1991; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves an appeal following the drowning of John Scanlon, where his family challenged the actions of Underwriters at Lloyds in their handling of a wrongful death lawsuit against Denali Seafoods, Inc. Initially, Underwriters agreed to defend Denali but later withdrew, citing a policy exclusion for seafood processors. The district court found that Underwriters breached its duty to defend but denied damages, holding that the insurer was not estopped from denying coverage. On appeal, the Scanlon family argued that Underwriters waived its right to contest coverage and should be estopped from asserting a defense. The Ninth Circuit analyzed Washington state law, noting conflicting appellate decisions regarding waiver and estoppel in insurance defense contexts. The court concluded that Underwriters did not waive its coverage defense due to lack of intent and that estoppel was inapplicable without evidence of actual prejudice to Denali. Despite the Scanlons' claims, no damages were awarded as Denali's defense costs were covered by another insurer. The court affirmed the district court's decision, upholding the principle that waiver cannot extend coverage beyond the policy terms and emphasizing the necessity of proving actual prejudice for estoppel claims.

Legal Issues Addressed

Damages for Breach of Duty to Defend

Application: No damages were awarded as Denali's defense costs were covered by another insurer and no actual prejudice was established.

Reasoning: No damages were awarded as Denali's defense costs were fully covered by Industrial Indemnity, and there was no established prejudice leading to consequential damages.

Duty to Defend in Insurance Contracts

Application: The court ruled that Underwriters breached its duty to defend Denali by withdrawing from the defense without reserving coverage rights.

Reasoning: The district court ruled that Underwriters breached its duty to defend but did not award damages, stating that it was not estopped from denying coverage based on waiver principles.

Estoppel in Insurance Coverage

Application: Estoppel does not apply as Denali did not suffer prejudice from Underwriters' withdrawal; the Scanlons failed to prove actual prejudice.

Reasoning: The district court found that Underwriters was not estopped from asserting its coverage defense since Denali did not suffer prejudice from Underwriters' withdrawal.

Prejudice in Estoppel Claims

Application: The court held that actual prejudice must be demonstrated to apply estoppel, which was not proven by the Scanlons in this case.

Reasoning: In Washington, actual prejudice must be proven to estop an insurer from asserting a coverage defense after breaching its duty to defend, except in extreme cases.

Waiver and Coverage Expansion

Application: The court referenced Carew in determining that waiver cannot expand coverage beyond policy terms, influencing the judgment that Underwriters did not waive its defense.

Reasoning: The Washington Supreme Court's decision in Carew established that waiver cannot expand coverage beyond policy terms, which influenced the district court's decision.

Waiver of Coverage Defense

Application: The court concluded that Underwriters did not waive its coverage defense as there was no substantial evidence of intent to waive.

Reasoning: Without substantial evidence of intent to waive, it was concluded that Underwriters did not waive its right to contest coverage.