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Richard D. Crawford v. XTO Energy, Inc.

Citation: Not availableDocket: 02-18-00217-CV

Court: Court of Appeals of Texas; December 18, 2019; Texas; State Appellate Court

Original Court Document: View Document

Narrative Opinion Summary

In the legal dispute between Crawford and XTO Energy, the Texas Court of Appeals examined a title and contract issue regarding mineral rights in the Barnett Shale region. Crawford, the lessor, claimed entitlement to royalties under a lease with XTO, which was denied based on the assertion that Crawford did not hold valid ownership due to a prior conveyance by his predecessor, Mary Ruth Crawford. The trial court granted summary judgment for XTO, applying the strip-and-gore doctrine, which presumes narrow strips of land are included in conveyances unless expressly reserved, thereby invalidating Crawford's claim. The court scrutinized the 1964 deed's language, focusing on the waiver of surface access and whether it was conditional. XTO successfully argued that the conveyance terms in 1984 divested Mary Ruth of her rights to the disputed tract, negating Crawford's claims. The appellate court upheld the trial court's decision, affirming that the strip-and-gore doctrine applied and that XTO's summary judgment was properly granted, thereby dismissing Crawford's claims for royalties. This decision underscores the importance of precise deed language and the enduring application of common law doctrines in property disputes.

Legal Issues Addressed

Ambiguity in Contractual Language

Application: The court found ambiguity in the deed's use of 'provided that,' which required a comprehensive reading to determine the parties' intentions regarding surface access and mineral rights.

Reasoning: The legal language, particularly the use of 'provided that,' introduces ambiguity, as it can imply various meanings including exceptions or conditions.

Interpretation of Deed Reservations

Application: The court examined the language of the 1964 deed to determine the scope of rights reserved by Mary Ruth, focusing on whether the waiver of surface rights was absolute or conditional.

Reasoning: The specific language of the 1964 deed reserves rights to oil and gas beneath the disputed tract while waiving surface access for drilling, except under specific conditions related to wells opened on other lands.

Strip-and-Gore Doctrine

Application: The court applied the strip-and-gore doctrine to determine that Crawford's predecessor had divested ownership of the oil and gas in 1984, thus invalidating Crawford's claim to royalties.

Reasoning: The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of XTO, concluding that Crawford's predecessor had divested ownership of the oil and gas in 1984 under the strip-and-gore doctrine, thereby invalidating the lease and Crawford's claim to royalties.

Summary Judgment Standards

Application: The court evaluated the summary judgment motions by considering whether XTO conclusively negated any essential element of Crawford's claims and whether Crawford could prove his claims conclusively.

Reasoning: A plaintiff is entitled to summary judgment if all essential elements of the claim are conclusively proven, while a defendant is entitled to summary judgment if they conclusively negate at least one essential element.