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Baez v. State

Citations: 192 A.3d 945; 238 Md. App. 587Docket: 0351/17

Court: Court of Special Appeals of Maryland; August 31, 2018; Maryland; State Appellate Court

Original Court Document: View Document

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, the court addressed the legality of a traffic stop initiated due to a suspected window tint violation under Maryland law. The appellant, whose vehicle was registered in Virginia, was stopped by law enforcement in Maryland for having windows tinted darker than the permissible limit of 35%. During the stop, officers detected the odor of marijuana, leading to a search that uncovered a substantial quantity of marijuana and cash. The appellant argued that the stop violated the Fourth Amendment, as the vehicle was registered out-of-state, and thus the Maryland law should not apply. However, the court affirmed that reasonable suspicion of a traffic violation, including window tinting infractions, justifies a stop irrespective of the vehicle's registration. The court emphasized that all vehicles operating within Maryland must adhere to state laws, and the officer's suspicion was reasonable under the circumstances. The appellant's conviction for possession of marijuana was upheld, and the judgment of the Circuit Court for Prince George’s County was affirmed, with the court ruling in favor of the state's interpretation of the applicable laws.

Legal Issues Addressed

Application of State Law to Out-of-State Vehicles

Application: The court ruled that vehicles operating within Maryland must comply with Maryland law, regardless of their state of registration.

Reasoning: The trial court, however, found that since the vehicle was operating in Maryland, it was subject to Maryland law.

Fourth Amendment and Traffic Stops

Application: The court determined that the Fourth Amendment allows for a traffic stop based on reasonable suspicion of a violation rather than requiring probable cause.

Reasoning: The Fourth Amendment safeguards against unreasonable searches and seizures, with reasonableness being the standard for assessing the legality of traffic stops.

Reasonable Suspicion for Traffic Stops

Application: The court held that a reasonable articulable suspicion that a vehicle's windows are tinted darker than the legal limit is sufficient to justify a traffic stop for further investigation, irrespective of the vehicle's registration state.

Reasoning: A reasonable articulable suspicion that a vehicle's windows are tinted darker than the legal limit of 35% under Maryland law is sufficient to justify a traffic stop for further investigation, regardless of whether the vehicle is registered in another state.

Terry Stops and Law Enforcement

Application: The court reaffirmed that a Terry stop, grounded in reasonable suspicion, is intended to confirm or dispel that suspicion through inquiry.

Reasoning: In Carter v. State, the court reaffirmed that a Terry stop, grounded in reasonable suspicion, aims to either confirm or dispel that suspicion through inquiry about suspicious behavior.

Window Tinting Regulations

Application: Maryland law mandates that vehicle window tinting must allow light transmittance of at least 35%, aiming to enhance safety for law enforcement during traffic stops.

Reasoning: In Maryland, window tinting regulations allow for certain levels of tinting but mandate that light transmittance must be at least 35%.