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Preslie Hardwick v. Marcia Vreeken

Citations: 844 F.3d 1112; 2017 WL 24617; 2017 U.S. App. LEXIS 18Docket: 15-55563

Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit; January 2, 2017; Federal Appellate Court

Original Court Document: View Document

Narrative Opinion Summary

The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reviewed a case involving social workers accused of using perjured testimony and fabricated evidence to remove a child from her mother's custody, allegedly violating the child's Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment rights. The court affirmed the district court's denial of absolute and qualified immunity for the social workers, finding that their actions fell outside their legitimate roles. The case arose from juvenile dependency proceedings where similar claims had been previously litigated successfully by the mother in state court. The court emphasized that social workers should inherently understand that criminal behavior, like perjury, is unacceptable in legal proceedings affecting fundamental rights. It concluded that the social workers' actions constituted a violation of protected familial relationships under the Fourteenth Amendment. The court highlighted that social workers are not immune from liability when committing perjury or fabricating evidence, as these actions violate constitutional rights. The matter was remanded to the trial court to proceed without injunctive relief but affirmed the judgment in other respects, while the defendants' claim for qualified immunity was deemed lacking legal merit.

Legal Issues Addressed

Absolute Immunity for Social Workers

Application: The court ruled that social workers do not have absolute immunity when engaging in actions outside their legitimate roles, such as fabricating evidence.

Reasoning: The court ruled that the social workers' actions fell outside their legitimate role, undermining their claims for absolute immunity.

Collateral Estoppel in Qualified Immunity Claims

Application: Despite the plaintiff's argument for collateral estoppel, the court independently concluded the same outcome regarding qualified immunity as the state courts.

Reasoning: On the issue of qualified immunity, Preslie argues for collateral estoppel, asserting that the defendants had previously litigated qualified immunity in California courts without success.

Fourteenth Amendment Rights in Dependency Proceedings

Application: The court emphasized the violation of the fundamental liberty interest of familial relationships protected by the Fourteenth Amendment due to the social workers' misconduct.

Reasoning: Preslie’s constitutional rights are rooted in the Fourteenth Amendment, which guarantees a fundamental liberty interest for parents and children to live together without government interference, protected by due process.

Perjury and Fabrication of Evidence

Application: The court held that social workers are not immune from liability when they engage in perjury or fabricate evidence, as these actions violate constitutional rights.

Reasoning: The California Government Code explicitly states that juvenile court social workers and related public employees do not have civil immunity for acts committed with malice, including perjury and fabrication of evidence.

Qualified Immunity and Constitutional Violations

Application: The court found that the plaintiff presented sufficient evidence to challenge the social workers' qualified immunity due to alleged constitutional violations.

Reasoning: Furthermore, the court found that Hardwick presented sufficient evidence to raise a genuine dispute regarding the alleged constitutional violations.