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United States v. Fred M. Glover AKA Blackbuster

Citations: 725 F.2d 120; 233 U.S. App. D.C. 161; 1984 U.S. App. LEXIS 26349Docket: 83-1176

Court: Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit; January 17, 1984; Federal Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, the court addressed the warrantless arrest of an individual wrongly identified as a fugitive with an outstanding murder warrant. The appellant, Glover, was arrested after federal agents, relying on photographs and corroborative information, mistakenly believed he was Larry Mathis, a wanted fugitive. Glover's motion to suppress evidence of a firearm found during his arrest was denied by the District Court, which led to his conviction. On appeal, the court evaluated whether the agents had probable cause to arrest Mathis and whether their mistaken identification of Glover was reasonable under the circumstances. The court found that the agents had acted on sufficient probable cause given the corroborated sightings and urgency of the situation, affirming the District Court's decision. The court distinguished this case from other precedents, emphasizing the agents' reasonable reliance on informants and the situational exigencies that justified their actions. Consequently, the agents' actions were found consistent with Fourth Amendment standards, maintaining the lawfulness of the arrest and subsequent conviction.

Legal Issues Addressed

Comparison with Precedent Cases

Application: The court distinguished this case from United States v. Rosario and State v. Frazier, emphasizing the agents' reliance on corroborated information and the existence of an active warrant.

Reasoning: However, the current case applies a different analysis. The relevant inquiry is whether there was probable cause to arrest Mathis, whose warrant was active, rather than focusing solely on the mistake of identifying the appellant as Mathis.

Fourth Amendment Standards of Reasonableness

Application: The court applied the 'sufficient probability' standard under the Fourth Amendment to justify the agents' actions, given the urgency and potential danger of the situation.

Reasoning: The Supreme Court's standard for reasonableness under the Fourth Amendment is based on 'sufficient probability,' not certainty.

Mistaken Identity in Arrests

Application: The agents' mistaken belief in the appellant's identity as a wanted fugitive was deemed reasonable due to corroborating information and situational urgency.

Reasoning: The agents' belief that Glover was Mathis remained reasonable until the arrest was executed.

Warrantless Arrest and Probable Cause

Application: The court upheld the warrantless arrest of the appellant under the belief that he was a fugitive with an active warrant, demonstrating that probable cause existed based on the totality of the circumstances.

Reasoning: The validity of the mistaken arrest hinges on whether the agents had probable cause for Mathis's arrest and reasonably believed Glover was him.