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United States v. Sahakian, David M.

Citation: Not availableDocket: 05-1642

Court: Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit; July 12, 2006; Federal Appellate Court

Original Court Document: View Document

Narrative Opinion Summary

The case involves an inmate at USP-Marion, charged with first-degree murder, conspiracy, and possession of a weapon in prison. The government precluded the defendant from using a necessity defense, arguing he failed to demonstrate an imminent threat of harm and did not seek legal alternatives. The trial resulted in a hung jury on the murder charges but a conviction for weapon possession, leading to a 60-month sentence. On appeal, the defendant contested the exclusion of the necessity defense, arguing for its relevance given the violent prison environment and threats against him. The appellate court affirmed the lower court's decision, emphasizing the necessity defense's stringent requirements, including proving an immediate threat and the exhaustion of legal remedies. The court found that the defendant's generalized fear and inadequate pursuit of protective measures did not satisfy these criteria. The ruling underscores the legal standards for affirmative defenses and the limited circumstances under which they apply in the correctional context, maintaining the importance of prison regulations and safety protocols.

Legal Issues Addressed

Exclusion of Necessity Defense Evidence

Application: The trial court's decision to exclude evidence of dangerous prison conditions was upheld because Sahakian's evidence did not meet the legal standards required for the necessity defense.

Reasoning: The court noted that the sufficiency of the defense is a legal question, and a district court may deny the introduction of evidence supporting an affirmative defense if it does not meet the minimum legal standards.

Imminent Threat Requirement

Application: Sahakian's claim of a 'price on his head' was deemed insufficient as it represented a future threat rather than an immediate one, lacking a specific assailant or corroborating evidence.

Reasoning: Sahakian's claim of a 'price on his head' was deemed insufficient as it represented a future threat rather than an immediate one, lacking a specific assailant or corroborating evidence.

Necessity Defense in Prison Context

Application: The court ruled that Sahakian could not invoke a necessity defense as he failed to demonstrate an imminent threat of serious bodily injury or death, and did not exhaust reasonable legal alternatives.

Reasoning: To invoke this defense, a defendant must prove an imminent threat of serious bodily injury or death and lack of reasonable legal alternatives.

Reasonable Legal Alternatives Requirement

Application: The court found that Sahakian did not pursue available legal alternatives such as filing grievances or requesting protective custody before carrying a weapon.

Reasoning: Sahakian failed to demonstrate that he exhausted all reasonable legal alternatives before resorting to carrying a weapon, which is a requirement for a necessity defense as established by the Supreme Court in Bailey.