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Millennium Inorganic Chemicals Ltd. v. National Union Fire Insurance

Citations: 744 F.3d 279; 2014 WL 642993; 2014 U.S. App. LEXIS 3096Docket: 13-1194

Court: Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; February 20, 2014; Federal Appellate Court

Original Court Document: View Document

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, two chemical companies sought declaratory relief and damages from their insurers, alleging wrongful denial of coverage under contingent business interruption (CBI) provisions following a supply disruption caused by an explosion at a gas facility. The dispute centered on whether the gas supplier, Apache Corporation, qualified as a 'direct' supplier under the insurance terms. The U.S. District Court for Maryland ruled in favor of the insured, Millennium, applying the doctrine of contra proferentem due to policy ambiguities, and granted partial summary judgment with a $10.85 million award. The court found the term 'direct' ambiguous and ruled Apache's facility was a 'direct contributing property.' However, the Fourth Circuit reversed this decision, holding the term 'direct' was unambiguous and excluded indirect suppliers like Apache. The appellate court emphasized the plain language of the insurance contracts, determining Millennium's claim lacked coverage. The case was remanded for summary judgment in favor of the insurers. The dissent argued for the ambiguity resolution in favor of the insured, citing the significant financial impact and contractual interpretations. This case underscores the complexities in interpreting insurance provisions and the application of contra proferentem in resolving ambiguities.

Legal Issues Addressed

Application of Choice of Law in Insurance Contracts

Application: The district court applied New York's choice of law rules but noted minimal difference with New Jersey law, ultimately using both states' standards for interpretation.

Reasoning: The district court determined that New York law applied under a lex loci analysis but chose not to make a definitive ruling, noting no significant difference in the interpretation of insurance policies between New York and New Jersey.

Coverage Under Contingent Business Interruption Endorsements

Application: The court initially ruled that Apache's facility was a direct contributing property, thus covered under Millennium's CBI endorsements.

Reasoning: The court applied the doctrine of contra proferentem, favoring Millennium, determining that Apache’s natural gas production facility was a 'direct contributing property' to Millennium’s Bunbury Operations.

Doctrine of Contra Proferentem in Insurance Law

Application: Ambiguities in the insurance policy were resolved in favor of Millennium, the insured, since the court determined the term 'direct' was ambiguous.

Reasoning: To resolve this ambiguity, the court applied the doctrine of contra proferentem in favor of Millennium, ruling that Apache qualified as a 'direct' supplier.

Exclusions in Insurance Policies

Application: The Fourth Circuit reversed the district court's decision, emphasizing that the insurance policies explicitly excluded indirect suppliers from coverage.

Reasoning: On appeal, the Fourth Circuit reversed the district court’s decision, stating that the insurance policies explicitly excluded coverage for indirect suppliers.

Interpretation of Insurance Policy Ambiguities

Application: The district court found the insurance policy's term 'direct' ambiguous and applied contra proferentem in favor of Millennium, ruling Apache qualified as a direct supplier.

Reasoning: The court found the term 'direct' in the insurance policies ambiguous, particularly regarding an entity that supplies materials physically to the insured without a contractual relationship.