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Cld v. Wall-Mart Stores, Inc.

Citations: 79 F. Supp. 2d 1080; 1999 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 20457; 1999 WL 1318687Docket: CIV. 98-694 (JRT/RLE)

Court: District Court, D. Minnesota; December 30, 1999; Federal District Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In a case before the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota, a former employee of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. filed suit against the company alleging invasion of privacy, promissory estoppel, and violation of the Minnesota Human Rights Act (MHRA). The plaintiff claimed that her supervisor improperly disclosed her confidential information regarding her pregnancy and abortion to co-workers, leading to a hostile work environment. The court addressed the invasion of privacy claim, focusing on the requirement of 'publicity' and concluded that the disclosure to a few individuals did not meet the threshold for widespread dissemination necessary under Minnesota law. The promissory estoppel claim was dismissed due to the absence of a clear promise of confidentiality by Wal-Mart, and the court ruled that emotional distress damages are not recoverable under contract-based claims without an independent tort. The MHRA claim was also dismissed, as the court found no evidence of severe or pervasive harassment affecting employment terms. The court granted summary judgment in favor of Wal-Mart, dismissing all claims due to insufficient evidence and legal grounds.

Legal Issues Addressed

Appropriation of Name or Likeness

Application: The plaintiff's claim for appropriation of name or likeness was dismissed due to lack of evidence that the defendant used her identity for personal gain.

Reasoning: The plaintiff's claim fails because she does not accuse the defendant or its employees of exploiting her name, identity, or appearance.

Damages for Emotional Distress in Promissory Estoppel

Application: The court followed Minnesota case law in determining that emotional distress damages are not recoverable under promissory estoppel unless linked to an independent tort claim.

Reasoning: Citing Deli v. University of Minnesota, the Minnesota Court of Appeals ruled that damages for emotional distress are not permissible without an independent tort claim, as promissory estoppel is rooted in contract law.

Hostile Work Environment under Minnesota Human Rights Act

Application: The plaintiff's claim under the MHRA was dismissed due to insufficient evidence of harassment that was severe or pervasive enough to create a hostile work environment.

Reasoning: The disclosure of her pregnancy and abortion did not constitute harassment based on her sex and was insufficiently severe or pervasive to create a hostile work environment.

Invasion of Privacy under Minnesota Law

Application: The court analyzed the plaintiff's invasion of privacy claim, focusing on the requirement of 'publicity' under Minnesota law, which necessitates widespread dissemination of private facts.

Reasoning: The court concludes that when the Minnesota Supreme Court addresses 'publicity,' it is likely to align with these precedents, ruling that the alleged disclosure of the plaintiff's abortion to a few individuals is inadequate to substantiate a claim.

Promissory Estoppel and Confidentiality Promises

Application: The plaintiff's claim of promissory estoppel was dismissed due to the lack of a clear and definite promise of confidentiality in Wal-Mart's Open Door Policy, which was deemed vague and not a promise of confidentiality.

Reasoning: The court finds the language of the Open Door Policy encourages open discussion but does not constitute a clear promise of confidentiality.