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State v. Faust

Citations: 660 N.W.2d 844; 265 Neb. 845; 2003 Neb. LEXIS 73Docket: S-01-615

Court: Nebraska Supreme Court; May 9, 2003; Nebraska; State Supreme Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, the defendant was convicted of first-degree murder and firearm charges, receiving consecutive life sentences. On appeal, several alleged errors were raised, including the improper admission of character evidence, ineffective assistance of counsel, and the erroneous jury instruction on self-defense. The appellate court found that the district court allowed inadmissible evidence concerning the defendant's past aggressive behavior to counter her character witnesses, violating Nebraska evidentiary statutes. Furthermore, the defense counsel's failure to object to this evidence constituted ineffective assistance, prejudicing the defendant's right to a fair trial. The court also held that the self-defense instruction was inappropriate, as the defendant did not claim self-defense, potentially misleading the jury. Additionally, the admission of photographs of the victims taken while alive was deemed irrelevant and prejudicial, warranting exclusion in a retrial. The court reversed the convictions and remanded the case for a new trial, allowing for the reconsideration of evidentiary issues and ensuring the defendant's due process rights are upheld. The dissenting opinion argued that the trial record did not sufficiently demonstrate counsel's ineffectiveness and considered the errors harmless in light of the overwhelming evidence of guilt.

Legal Issues Addressed

Admissibility of Character Evidence under Nebraska Evidence Rules

Application: The court found that the introduction of evidence regarding Faust's prior aggressive behavior was inadmissible under Nebraska statutes, as it improperly countered character evidence presented by Faust's witnesses.

Reasoning: Evidence presented by the State regarding Faust's character was deemed inadmissible under statutes 27-404(1) and 27-405(1), which prohibit using a defendant's prior conduct solely to demonstrate propensity for violence.

Admissibility of Photographs in Homicide Cases

Application: The court ruled that photographs of the victims taken while alive were improperly admitted and should be excluded in retrial, as they were not relevant to the crime's circumstances.

Reasoning: Photographs of victims alive are inappropriate for these purposes if they do not relate to the condition of the body or the nature of injuries.

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

Application: Faust successfully argued that her counsel's failure to object to inadmissible evidence constituted ineffective assistance, leading to the reversal of her conviction.

Reasoning: Faust’s counsel failed to object to considerable improper negative character evidence, constituting deficient performance that prejudiced her defense.

Self-Defense Jury Instruction

Application: The court concluded that an instruction on self-defense was unwarranted as Faust did not claim self-defense, and the instruction could mislead the jury.

Reasoning: The court concluded that without Faust's effort to substantiate a self-defense claim, the instruction was unwarranted, as self-defense implies an acknowledgment of harm but justifies it.

Voluntariness of Confessions under Due Process

Application: Faust's claim for a hearing on the voluntariness of her statement was acknowledged, noting that such issues should be addressed before retrial.

Reasoning: A defendant challenging the voluntariness of a statement is entitled to a hearing to determine both the factual basis and the statement's voluntariness.