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Glage v. Hawes Firearms Co.

Citations: 226 Cal. App. 3d 314; 276 Cal. Rptr. 430; 90 Daily Journal DAR 14397; 90 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 9216; 1990 Cal. App. LEXIS 1330Docket: H005648

Court: California Court of Appeal; November 29, 1990; California; State Appellate Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

In this case, the plaintiffs filed a lawsuit against a firearm company after a revolver accidentally discharged, causing injury. The jury initially ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, awarding damages. The defendant appealed, citing juror misconduct as grounds for a new trial. The misconduct included jurors failing to disclose relevant personal injury experiences during voir dire, and certain jurors consulting a dictionary to understand the term 'preponderance of the evidence.' This extraneous information potentially affected the jury's deliberations, shifting their understanding of the burden of proof from a qualitative to a quantitative assessment, as evidenced by a significant change in jury votes. The appellate court determined that these actions constituted misconduct with a presumption of prejudice, leading to a reversal of the trial court's judgment. The court emphasized the importance of impartiality and adherence to legal instructions during jury deliberations, concluding that the misconduct materially affected the defendant's rights to a fair trial. Consequently, the appellate court granted a new trial, underscoring the necessity for jurors to adhere strictly to court instructions and legal definitions provided during the trial process.

Legal Issues Addressed

Definition and Application of 'Preponderance of the Evidence'

Application: Jurors improperly consulted a dictionary to understand 'preponderance of the evidence,' leading to a misunderstanding of the burden of proof, which affected their deliberations.

Reasoning: The legal definition of 'preponderance of the evidence' emphasizes the quality of evidence rather than its quantity.

Failure to Disclose Personal Information During Voir Dire

Application: The court identified juror misconduct when jurors failed to disclose prior personal injuries during voir dire, which could indicate bias and affect impartiality.

Reasoning: Jurors Isaac, Theiss, and Harvey failed to disclose personal injuries that could indicate bias.

Juror Misconduct and Presumption of Prejudice in Civil Trials

Application: The appellate court found that juror misconduct, specifically the consultation of a dictionary for the definition of 'preponderance' and the failure to disclose personal injuries, led to a presumption of prejudice warranting a reversal of the judgment.

Reasoning: The court found strong evidence of misconduct and determined that the seriousness of introducing an extraneous definition of a legal term critical to the burden of proof warranted the presumption of prejudice.

Reversal of Judgment Due to Juror Misconduct

Application: The appellate court reversed the trial court's judgment due to juror misconduct, which was deemed to have materially affected the substantial rights of the appellant.

Reasoning: The trial court's denial of Hawes's motion for a new trial was deemed erroneous, and the judgment was reversed, with Hawes entitled to costs on appeal.