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A. Johnson & Co. v. Aetna Cas. and Sur. Co.

Citations: 741 F. Supp. 298; 1990 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 8220; 1990 WL 95951Docket: Civ. A. No. 86-3305-WD

Court: District Court, D. Massachusetts; June 29, 1990; Federal District Court

Narrative Opinion Summary

This case involves a declaratory judgment action filed by two companies against The Aetna Casualty and Surety Company regarding insurance coverage for cleanup costs at a hazardous waste site in Maine. The plaintiffs, identified as Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs) alongside others, were mandated by a consent decree to cover past and future cleanup costs at the McKin Site. At issue is whether Aetna is obliged to indemnify and defend the plaintiffs under their Comprehensive General Liability (CGL) policy. The absence of a choice-of-law provision led to a choice of law analysis, with Maine law ultimately governing the policy interpretation based on the most significant relationship test. Under Maine law, cleanup costs are not deemed 'damages' under the CGL policy, and the pollution exclusion clause precludes coverage for damages unless pollution was 'sudden and accidental,' a standard not met in this case. Additionally, no duty to defend arose as no lawsuit seeking damages was filed. Consequently, Aetna's motion for summary judgment was granted, and Johnson's motion was denied, with Maine law not requiring indemnification for cleanup costs classified as equitable expenditures rather than damages.

Legal Issues Addressed

Choice of Law in Insurance Contracts

Application: The case involves determining which state's law governs the interpretation of an insurance policy in the absence of a choice-of-law provision, using Massachusetts' choice of law rules that apply a flexible, interest-based analysis.

Reasoning: As the forum state, Massachusetts' choice of law rules apply, which favor a flexible, interest-based analysis rather than a rigid approach, as established in Klaxon Co. v. Stentor Elec. Mfg. Co.

Duty to Defend in Insurance Law

Application: Maine law dictates that the duty to defend arises only when a lawsuit seeking damages is filed, which was not the case here, negating Aetna's obligation to defend Johnson.

Reasoning: Maine law supports Aetna's position that a duty to defend arises only when a lawsuit seeking damages is filed.

Insurance Coverage for Cleanup Costs

Application: The court evaluates whether Aetna's Comprehensive General Liability (CGL) policy covers cleanup costs as 'damages,' concluding that under Maine law, these costs do not qualify as damages.

Reasoning: Aetna contends that these costs are equitable and do not qualify as 'damages' under the CGL definition.

Interpretation of 'Sudden and Accidental' in Pollution Exclusion

Application: The court requires proof of an abrupt discharge of pollutants to apply the 'sudden and accidental' exception, which was not demonstrated in this case.

Reasoning: For the 'sudden and accidental' exception to the pollution exclusion clause to apply, there must be an abrupt discharge of pollutants.

Pollution Exclusion in Insurance Policies

Application: The pollution exclusion clause precludes indemnity for damages arising from pollution incidents unless deemed 'sudden and accidental,' a burden the plaintiffs failed to meet.

Reasoning: Aetna argues that a 'pollution exclusion' in the policy precludes indemnity for damages arising from pollution incidents, unless such incidents are sudden and accidental.